ChatGPT pricing explained: Free vs $20 Plus vs Pro plans. Find your perfect fit, compare alternatives, and avoid overpaying. Complete 2025 guide.
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So you've probably heard about ChatGPT by now - it's that AI assistant that seems to pop up in every conversation about productivity and technology. And honestly? It lives up to the hype.
Think of it as having a really smart friend who's available whenever you need them, whether you're stuck on a work project, trying to craft the perfect email, or just curious about something random at 11 PM.
But here's what I wish someone had told me when I first started using it: not all ChatGPT plans are created equal. The differences between the free version and the paid tiers can be pretty dramatic, we're talking about the difference between having a helpful but sometimes busy friend versus having a dedicated assistant who's always ready to dive deep into whatever you need.
Whether you're trying to stretch every dollar as a student or you're ready to invest in serious productivity tools, understanding these pricing tiers will help you make the right choice for your situation. Let’s dive in.
ChatGPT pricing plans explained (2025)
Let's break down what each plan offers and what you're actually paying for:
Plan | Monthly Cost | Annual Cost | Best For |
---|---|---|---|
Free | $0 | $0 | Casual users, testing |
Plus | $20 | $20 | Individual professionals |
Team | $30/user | $25/user | Small teams, startups |
Pro | $200/user | $200/user | Power users, researchers |
Enterprise | ~$60+/user | Custom pricing | Large organisations |
ChatGPT Free Plan
Cost: $0
Features:
- Access to GPT-4o mini
- Limited GPT-4o access
- Standard voice mode
- File uploads
- Image generation
- Web browsing
- Advanced data analysis
Who it's for: Perfect for curious newcomers who want to explore AI without commitment. Think of it as your test drive - you'll get a taste of what ChatGPT can do, but with some speed bumps along the way.
ChatGPT Plus Plan
Cost: $20 per month
Features:
- Higher capacity than ChatGPT free — users can send 80 messages
- Priority access to GPT-4o
- Faster response times
- Advanced voice mode
- Early access to new features
- Custom GPTs
Who it's for: This is the sweet spot for most individual users. If you're a freelancer, student, or professional who relies on AI regularly, this plan transforms ChatGPT from a helpful tool into an indispensable work companion.
ChatGPT Team Plan
Cost: $30/seat/mo monthly or $25/seat/mo annually
Features:
- Everything in Plus
- Available for 2 or more users
- Workspace collaboration tools
- OpenAI won't train on your workspace's data
- Admin controls and usage insights
- Custom workspace GPTs
Who it's for: Small to medium teams who need to collaborate on AI projects while maintaining some privacy controls. It's like having a shared digital workspace where everyone can contribute.
ChatGPT Pro Plan
Cost: $200 a month per user
Features:
- Unlimited access to GPT-4o
- Advanced reasoning capabilities
- Research-grade performance
- Premium compute resources
- All previous plan features
Who it's for: This is for the AI power users: researchers, developers, and professionals who need unrestricted access to the most advanced capabilities. It's a significant investment, but for those who live and breathe AI, it can be worth every penny.
ChatGPT Enterprise Plan
Cost: Around $60 per user per month with a minimum of 150 users and a 12-month contract
Features:
- Enterprise-grade privacy and data analysis capabilities
- Connectors to internal sources for more personalised answers (Google Drive, SharePoint, GitHub, Dropbox, and more)
- Custom deployment options
- Advanced security controls
- Dedicated support
- Custom usage limits
Who it's for: Large organizations that need enterprise-level security, compliance, and integration capabilities. This plan isn't just about using AI, it's really about making AI part of your business infrastructure.
Which ChatGPT plan is right for you?
Choosing the right plan feels a bit like picking the perfect phone plan - you want enough features without paying for things you'll never use. Here's how to think about it:
For students
Recommendation: Start with Free, upgrade to Plus if needed (students often have unpredictable usage patterns). The free plan lets you handle research, writing assistance, and study help without breaking the bank. If you find yourself hitting limits regularly during busy academic periods, the Plus plan's reliability makes it worth the investment.
For freelancers and individual professionals
Recommendation: ChatGPT Plus ($20/month). This is your professional toolkit. Whether you're a content creator, consultant, or entrepreneur, the Plus plan gives you consistent access to advanced features that can significantly boost your productivity. Think of it as investing in a skilled assistant who never takes sick days.
For developers and technical users
Recommendation: ChatGPT Plus or Pro (depending on intensity). If you're coding occasionally, Plus handles most development tasks beautifully. But if you're building AI applications or need extensive code generation, the Pro plan's unlimited access prevents frustrating interruptions during deep work sessions.
For small teams and startups
Recommendation: ChatGPT Team ($25-30/user/month) The collaboration features and data privacy controls make this worthwhile for teams of 2-10 people. You're not just paying for individual access, you're investing in team productivity and maintaining professional data standards.
For large enterprises
Recommendation: ChatGPT Enterprise (custom pricing). When you need AI integrated into your business processes with enterprise-grade security, this becomes a strategic investment rather than just a productivity tool. The custom pricing reflects the complex needs of large organisations.
ChatGPT hidden costs and limitations to know
Before you commit to any plan, let's talk about the fine print - because nobody likes surprise costs.
API usage beyond regular plans
If you're building applications that use ChatGPT's API, you'll encounter separate pricing based on token usage.
API pricing alone (GPT-4: $0.012/prompt tokens, $0.024/completion tokens) doesn't tell the whole story as actual costs often double when you factor in servers, optimisation, and hidden infrastructure needs.
Message limits and throttling
Even paid plans have limits. The free plan caps your usage significantly, while Plus gives you more headroom but isn't unlimited. If you're a heavy user, you might hit these walls sooner than expected.
Feature access restrictions
Some advanced features roll out to higher-tier plans first. Free users often wait months for features that Plus subscribers get immediately. It's like being in the general admission section while others enjoy VIP access.
Storage and file handling
While most plans include file uploads, there are size limits and processing restrictions that might affect your workflow if you regularly work with large documents or datasets.
ChatGPT alternatives: is there a better deal?
Let's be honest – ChatGPT isn't the only sheriff in town anymore. Here's how the competition stacks up:
Claude AI (Anthropic)
Pricing: Free tier + $20/month Pro Strengths: Excellent for analysis and reasoning, longer context windows Best for: Users who need thoughtful, nuanced responses and can work with longer documents.
Perplexity AI
Pricing: Free + $20/month Pro Strengths: Web search integration, cited sources Best for: Research-focused users who need current information with source verification.
DeepSeek
Pricing: Free and paid version, with the paid model consisting of an individual plan with a $20-$50 monthly fee and a team plan that comes with custom pricing Strengths: Competitive performance at lower costs Best for: Budget-conscious users who want good performance without premium pricing
Google Gemini
Pricing: Free tier + Google One AI Premium ($20/month) Strengths: Deep Google ecosystem integration Best for: Users heavily invested in Google's productivity suite
The truth is, each AI has its personality and strengths. ChatGPT excels at versatility and ease of use, but depending on your specific needs, one of these alternatives might be a better fit for your workflow and budget.
Final thoughts: is ChatGPT worth the price in 2025?
The bottom line of ChatGPT pricing boils down to how much you’re actually going to use it.
If you're just dabbling occasionally, the free plan is surprisingly decent. For most working professionals, the $20 Plus plan pays for itself quickly (think of it as buying back an hour of your week). And for teams or businesses? The higher-tier plans make sense when AI becomes a core part of how you operate.
The good news is you're not stuck with one choice forever. Try the free versions of ChatGPT, Claude, and Perplexity to see which one clicks with how you work. Then upgrade the one that feels most natural.
We're still figuring out this whole AI thing, but one thing's clear: these tools are becoming as essential as email or Google Drive. The question isn't whether you'll use AI - it's finding the right fit for where you are now, knowing you can always level up later.
NEWS AND UPDATES

What's driving the crypto market this week? Get fast, clear updates on the top coins, market trends, and regulation news.
Welcome to Tap’s weekly crypto market recap.
Here are the biggest stories from last week (1 - 7 July).
💥 XRP Jumps above $2.30 on rumours SEC may drop Ripple appeal
XRP jumped to $2.3144 on 3 July amid speculation that the SEC might drop its appeal against Ripple, fueling investor optimism. Although no announcement followed, XRP still closed the day up 1.1%, outperforming the broader market.
Legal experts suggest both parties could soon dismiss their appeals without court approval, though some warn the process may take weeks. A breakout above $2.3275 could trigger a run toward $3.3999, last seen in January.
🚀 Bitcoin briefly tops $110K on strong jobs report and ETF inflows
Bitcoin surged to $110,591 on 3 July after a strong U.S. jobs report boosted investor confidence in the economy. The rally was reinforced by $377 million in daily inflows into U.S. spot Bitcoin ETFs, led by Fidelity, ARK 21Shares, and Bitwise.

Despite briefly pulling back, BTC is currently trading at $109,170, signalling continued strength amid favourable macro and institutional demand. Trading just 2.4% below its all-time high, analysts see potential for a new ATH if bullish momentum persists.
🧨 Rise in crypto-related physical crime
As digital wealth grows, there has been a surge in real-world heists - kidnappings and home invasions targeting crypto holders. Over 231 such attacks have been reported in the last 18 months, prompting many to seek increased personal security measures.
🪙 Launch of the first U.S. Solana ETF with staking: REX-Osprey Solana + Staking ETF (SSK)
This new Cboe-listed ETF gives U.S. investors direct, staked exposure to SOL (~7.3% earning yield), albeit with higher fees (1.4%). Approval sets a precedent for future niche crypto ETFs
🔍 Altcoin watchlist & meme‑coin hype for July
Market analysts are watching several altcoins (e.g. Maple Finance’s SYRUP, Hyperliquid’s HYPE, Solana memecoins like FARTCOIN) and XRP as potential breakout assets in July, backed by technical setups and macro sentiment.

Explore why Bitcoin and the crypto market are worth $2.1 trillion and why skepticism still lingers among Americans in this deep dive.
Decoding the disconnect: America's cautious approach to crypto
Bitcoin and the broader crypto market have soared to a staggering $2.1 trillion in value, but why does skepticism still linger among so many Americans?
Despite increasing adoption, digital currencies remain shrouded in doubt, revealing a significant trust gap that continues to challenge the industry. As cryptocurrencies become more woven into everyday financial transactions, closing this trust deficit is essential for ensuring sustained growth and mainstream acceptance.
In this article, we'll dive into the key reasons behind this persistent mistrust, uncover the expanding real-world uses of digital assets, and explore how education and technological advancements can help bridge the confidence gap. Keep in mind, the data presented draws from multiple studies, so some figures and age groupings may vary slightly.
A Look at the Current State of Crypto Trust
To truly understand cryptocurrency adoption and the accompanying trust issues, it’s essential to examine the latest statistics and demographic data. This section breaks down public sentiment toward crypto and provides a snapshot of its user base.
General Public Sentiment
Percentage of Americans Who Own Cryptocurrency
Cryptocurrency adoption has seen slow but steady growth over the years. According to surveys conducted by Pew Research Center in 2021 and 2023, 17% of Americans have invested in, traded, or used cryptocurrency, up slightly from 16% in 2021.
While estimates vary, Security.org places this figure higher, estimating that roughly 40% of the U.S. population - around 93 million adults - own some form of cryptocurrency.
Both studies agree that younger generations are driving much of this growth, with 30% of Americans aged 18-29 reporting they have experience with crypto.
Trust Levels in Cryptocurrency
Despite rising adoption rates, trust in cryptocurrency remains a significant hurdle. Pew Research Center found that 75% of Americans have little or no confidence that cryptocurrency exchanges can safeguard their funds. Similarly, a recent report by Morning Consult shows that 7 in 10 consumers familiar with crypto express low or no trust in it.
This contrasts the 31% who have some or high trust, or the 24% in the Pew study who are “somewhat” to “extremely” confident in cryptocurrencies.
Demographics of Crypto Adopters
- Age Groups
Cryptocurrency adoption trends reveal a distinct generational divide. According to the 2023 Morning Consult survey, Gen Z adults (ages 18-25) lead in crypto ownership at 36%, closely followed by Millennials at 30%.
These younger groups are also more inclined toward future investments, with 39% of Gen Z and 45% of Millennials planning to invest in crypto in the coming years. Over half of both generations view cryptocurrency and blockchain as the future, while a notable percentage (27% of Gen Z and 21% of Millennials) considered opening an account with a crypto exchange in the past year.
When compared to other asset classes, data from Bankrate’s 2021 survey reveals that younger Millennials (ages 25-31) favor real estate and stock market investments, while Baby Boomers have the least interest in cryptocurrency. Older Millennials (32-40) lean toward cash investments, with cryptocurrency’s appeal steadily declining with age.
Interestingly, the report also highlights gender differences, showing that 80% of women familiar with crypto express low confidence, compared to 71% of men, indicating a broader trust gap among female users.
- Income Levels
Contrary to common assumptions, cryptocurrency adoption is not confined to high-income individuals. The same Pew Research Center survey revealed that crypto ownership is relatively evenly spread across income brackets:
- 13% of those earning less than $56,600 annually own crypto.
- 19% of those earning between $56,600 and $169,800 own crypto.
- 22% of those earning over $169,800 own crypto.
This data suggests that while higher earners may be more inclined to own cryptocurrency, the appeal of digital assets spans various income levels.
- Educational Background
Education also plays a role in crypto adoption. A 2022 report by Triple-A found that the majority of crypto owners are “highly educated”:
- 24% of crypto owners have graduated from middle or high school.
- 10% have some vocational or college education.
- 39% are college graduates.
- 27% hold postgraduate degrees.
This shows that while those with some college education or a degree are more likely to own crypto, it is not exclusively a pursuit of the highly educated.
This demographic data paints a picture of cryptocurrency adopters as predominantly younger, spread across a range of income levels, and with diverse educational backgrounds. However, the trust gap between crypto and traditional financial systems remains a significant barrier to wider acceptance of digital assets.
Key Trust Barriers
To bridge the gap between cryptocurrency adoption and trust, it’s crucial to understand the major concerns fueling skepticism. This section explores these concerns and contrasts them with similar risks in traditional financial systems.
The Primary Concerns of Skeptics
Volatility
One of the most significant barriers to cryptocurrency adoption is its notorious volatility, particularly for investors seeking stable, long-term assets. Bitcoin, the most well-known cryptocurrency, symbolizes this risk.
In 2022, Bitcoin’s volatility was stark. Its 30-day volatility reached 64.02% in June, driven by broader economic uncertainty and market downturns, compared to the S&P 500’s much lower volatility of 4.71% during the same period.
Over the course of the year, Bitcoin’s price swung from a peak of $47,835 to a low of $18,490, marking a substantial 61% decline from its highest point in 2022. Factors such as rising interest rates, geopolitical tensions, and major crypto market disruptions, like the TerraUSD collapse and Celsius’ liquidity crisis, played a pivotal role.
This extreme volatility reinforces the perception of cryptocurrencies as high-risk investments.
However, traditional stock markets, while typically more stable than crypto, can also experience sharp fluctuations, especially in times of economic stress. For instance, the CBOE Volatility Index (VIX), which measures expected near-term volatility in the U.S. stock market, dropped by 23% to 28.71 on June 30, 2022, far below the 82.69 peak recorded during the early COVID-19 market turbulence in March 2020. This shows that even stock markets, generally seen as safer, can experience moments of intense volatility, particularly during global crises.
Additionally, when compared to the "Magnificent Seven" (a group of top-performing and influential stocks) Bitcoin’s volatility doesn't stand out as unusual. In fact, over the past two years, Bitcoin has shown less volatility than Netflix (NFLX) stock.
On a 90-day timeframe, NFLX had an average realized volatility of 53%, while Bitcoin’s was slightly lower at 46%. The reality is that among all S&P 500 companies, Bitcoin has demonstrated lower annualized historical volatility than 33 of the 503 constituents.
In October 2023, Bitcoin was actually less volatile than 92 stocks in the S&P 500, based on 90-day realized historical volatility figures, including some large-cap and mega-cap companies.
Security
Security concerns are another major hurdle in building trust with cryptocurrencies. Cryptocurrency exchanges and wallets have been targeted by numerous high-profile hacks and frauds, raising doubts about the safety of digital assets. It comes as no surprise that a study from Morning Consult found that 67% of Americans believe having a secure and trustworthy platform is essential to entering the crypto market.
While security threats in the crypto space are well-documented, traditional banking systems are not immune to fraud either. Federal Trade Commission data reveals that consumer fraud losses in the traditional financial sector hit a record high of $10 billion in 2023, marking a 14% increase from the previous year.
Although traditional banks have more safeguards in place to protect consumers, they remain vulnerable to attacks, showing that security is a universal challenge across both crypto and traditional finance.
Prevention remains key, which in this case equates to using only reliable platforms or hardwallets.
Regulatory Uncertainty
Regulatory ambiguity continues to be a critical barrier for both cryptocurrency investors and businesses. The evolving landscape creates uncertainty about the future of digital assets.
Currently, cryptocurrency is legal in 119 countries and four British Overseas Territories, covering more than half of the world’s nations. Notably, 64.7% of these countries are emerging and developing economies, primarily in Asia and Africa.
However, only 62 of these 119 countries (52.1%) have comprehensive regulations in place. This represents significant growth from 2018, when only 33 jurisdictions had formal regulations, showing a 53.2% increase, but still falls short in creating a sense of “unified safety”.
In the United States, regulatory views remain fragmented. Various agencies, such as the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) and the Commodity Futures Trading Commission (CFTC), have conflicting perspectives on how to classify and regulate cryptocurrencies. Since 2019, the SEC has filed over 116 crypto-related lawsuits, adding to the regulatory uncertainty faced by the industry.
The Growing Integration Of Digital Assets In Daily Life
As we progress further into the digital age, cryptocurrencies and digital assets are increasingly becoming part of our everyday financial transactions. This shift is driven by two key developments: the rise of crypto payment options and the growing adoption of Central Bank Digital Currencies (CBDCs).
According to a MatrixPort report, global cryptocurrency adoption has now reached 7.51% of the population, underscoring the expanding influence of digital currencies worldwide. By 2025, this rate is expected to surpass 8%, signaling a potential shift from niche usage to mainstream acceptance.
The list of major retailers embracing cryptocurrency as a payment method continues to grow. Some notable companies now accepting crypto include:
- Microsoft: Accepts Bitcoin for Xbox store credits.
- AT&T: The first major U.S. mobile carrier to accept crypto payments.
- Whole Foods: Accepts Bitcoin via the Spedn app.
- Overstock: One of the first major retailers to accept Bitcoin.
- Starbucks: Allows customers to load their Starbucks cards with Bitcoin through the Bakkt app.
A 2022 Deloitte survey revealed that nearly 75% of retailers plan to accept either cryptocurrency or stablecoin payments within the next two years. This trend highlights the growing mainstream acceptance of digital assets as a legitimate payment method.
Crypto-backed debit cards are further bridging the gap between digital assets and everyday transactions. These cards enable users to spend their cryptocurrency at any merchant that accepts traditional debit cards.
According to Factual Market Research, the global crypto card market is projected to reach $9.5 billion by 2030, with a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of approximately 31.6% from 2021 to 2030. This growth reflects the increasing popularity of crypto-backed debit cards as a way for consumers to integrate their digital assets into daily spending.
The Rise of Central Bank Digital Currencies (CBDCs)
Central Bank Digital Currencies (CBDCs) represent digital versions of a country’s fiat currency, issued and regulated by the national monetary authority. In 2024, the global progress of CBDCs has seen a significant uptick, with marked advances in both research and adoption. As of this year:
- 11 countries have fully launched CBDCs, including the Bahamas, Nigeria, Jamaica, and China.
- 44 countries are conducting pilot programs, up from 36, reflecting growing interest in testing the functionality and stability of digital currencies.
- 66 nations are at advanced stages of CBDC development, contributing to a global landscape where 134 countries (accounting for 98% of the world’s economy) are engaged in CBDC projects.
In the United States, the Federal Reserve is exploring the feasibility of a CBDC through Project Hamilton, a collaborative research initiative with MIT. This exploration aligns with broader goals to reduce reliance on cash, enhance financial inclusion, and improve control over national monetary systems amid the rise of digital payments and cryptocurrencies.
The introduction of CBDCs could significantly reshape daily financial transactions in several ways:
- Increased financial inclusion: CBDCs could offer digital payment access to the 1.4 billion adults who remain unbanked, according to World Bank estimates.
- Faster and cheaper transactions: CBDCs could streamline both domestic and cross-border payments, reducing costs and settlement times.
- Enhanced monetary policy: Central banks would gain more direct control over money supply and circulation.
- Improved traceability: CBDCs could help combat financial crimes and reduce tax evasion by providing greater transaction transparency.
However, challenges persist, including concerns about privacy, cybersecurity risks, and the potential disruption of existing banking systems.
As digital assets continue to integrate into everyday life, they hold the potential to transform how we think about and use money. Despite these challenges, trends in both private cryptocurrency adoption and CBDC development point to a future where digital assets play a central role in our financial systems.
Building Trust Through Technology and Education
According to the 2023 Web3 UI/UX Report, nearly 48% of users cite security concerns and asset protection as the primary barriers to crypto adoption. Other challenges include high transaction fees and the steep learning curve needed to fully grasp both the technology and its benefits.
Despite these obstacles, the blockchain sector has made significant strides as it matures, particularly in enhancing security. Hack-related losses in the crypto market dropped from $3.7 billion in 2022 to $1.8 billion in 2023, underscoring the progress in safeguarding digital assets.
The increased adoption of offline hardware wallets and multi-signature wallets, both of which add critical layers of security, reflects this momentum. Advances in smart contract auditing tools and stronger compliance standards are also minimizing risks, creating a safer environment for both users and institutions.
These improvements highlight the industry’s commitment to establishing a more secure foundation for digital transactions and bolstering confidence in blockchain as a reliable financial technology.
In another positive development, in May 2023, the European Council approved the first comprehensive legal framework for the cryptocurrency industry. This legislation sets a new standard for regulatory transparency and oversight, further reinforcing trust.
Financial Literacy Initiatives
The rise of crypto education in the U.S. is playing a pivotal role in increasing public understanding and encouraging adoption. Programs such as Coinbase Earn aim to simplify the onboarding process for new users, directly addressing the complexity and security concerns that often deter people from engaging with crypto.
According to recent data, 43% of respondents feel that insufficient knowledge is a key reason they avoid the sector, highlighting the ongoing need for crypto-related learning.
Additionally, Chainalysis' 2024 Global Crypto Adoption Index noted a significant increase in crypto interest following the launch of spot Bitcoin ETFs in the U.S. earlier in the year. This development enabled investors to trade ETF shares tied to Bitcoin directly on stock exchanges, making it easier to enter the market without needing extensive technical expertise - thus driving a surge in adoption.
These advancements in security and education are gradually fostering greater trust in the cryptocurrency ecosystem. As the sector continues to evolve, these efforts may pave the way for broader adoption and deeper integration of digital assets into daily financial life.
The Future of Digital Asset Adoption
As digital assets continue to evolve and capture mainstream attention, their potential to transform the financial landscape is becoming increasingly evident. From late 2023 through early 2024, global crypto transaction volumes surged, surpassing the peaks of the 2021 bull market (as illustrated below).
Interestingly, much of this growth in adoption was driven by lower-middle income countries, highlighting the global reach of digital assets.
Below, we explore projections for cryptocurrency usage and its potential impact on traditional banking and finance.
Projections for Crypto Usage in the Next 5-10 Years
Several studies and reports offer insights into the expected growth of cryptocurrency over the next decade:
Global Adoption
The global cryptocurrency market revenue is projected to reach approximately $56.7 billion in 2024, with the United States leading the charge, expected to generate around $9.8 billion in revenue. Statista predicts the number of global crypto users will hit 861 million by 2025, marking a significant shift toward mainstream use.
Institutional Adoption
The 2023 Institutional Investor Digital Assets Study found that 65% of the 1,042 institutional investors surveyed plan to buy or invest in digital assets in the future.
As of 2024, digital currency usage among U.S. organisations is expanding, particularly in sectors such as finance, retail, and technology. Hundreds of financial services and fintech firms are now involved in digital assets, whether in payment processing, investments, or blockchain-based applications. This includes major companies utilising cryptocurrencies as stored value and exploring stablecoin use cases to enhance transaction efficiency.
Notably, major U.S. companies are increasingly engaging with blockchain and digital assets, as regulatory clarity improves and security concerns are addressed.
Retail Adoption
At present, about 85% of major retailers generating over $1 billion in annual online sales accept cryptocurrency payments. In contrast, 23% of mid-sized retailers, with online sales between $250 million and $1 billion, currently accept crypto payments. This growing trend points to an expanding role for digital assets in retail, especially among large-scale businesses.
Potential Impact on Traditional Banking and Finance
The rise of digital asset utilisation is poised to reshape traditional banking systems in multiple areas. For starters, the growth of blockchain technology and digitised financial services is driving the decentralised finance (DeFi) market, which is projected to reach $450 billion by 2030, with a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 46%.
In Q3 2024 alone, trading on decentralised exchanges surpassed $100 billion, marking the third consecutive month of growth in trading volume. This trend underscores the increasing interest and activity in the decentralised finance space.
As Central Bank Digital Currencies (CBDCs) are likely to be adopted by 80% of central banks by 2030, the role of commercial banks in money distribution could diminish significantly. Meanwhile, blockchain technology and stablecoins are expected to revolutionise cross-border B2B payments, with 20% of these transactions powered by blockchain by 2025. Stablecoin payment volumes are projected to hit $620 billion by 2026.
Furthermore, the investment landscape is set to evolve as asset tokenisation scales, potentially reaching a value of $16 trillion, making crypto a standard component in investment portfolios.
With regulatory clarity expected to improve - more than half of financial institutions anticipate clearer rules within the next three years - crypto integration is likely to become more widespread. These developments emphasise the transformative potential of digital assets across payments, investments, and financial structures globally.
Bridging the trust gap in crypto adoption
The cryptocurrency landscape is experiencing a surge in institutional interest, which could be a pivotal moment for integrating digital assets into traditional finance. Financial giants like BlackRock are at the forefront of this movement, signaling a shift in mainstream perception and adoption of cryptocurrencies.
Historically, the introduction of new investment vehicles around Bitcoin has spurred market growth. As Markus Thielen, founder of 10x Research, highlights, the launch of spot ETFs could bring about a new wave of institutional involvement, potentially driving the next phase of market expansion.
This growing institutional momentum, combined with evolving regulatory frameworks, is reshaping the crypto ecosystem. However, a key question remains: Will these developments be enough to close the trust gap and push cryptocurrencies into mainstream adoption?
As we stand at this crossroads, the future of digital assets hangs in the balance. The coming years will be critical in determining whether cryptocurrencies can overcome persistent skepticism and fully integrate into the global financial system, or if they will remain a niche, yet impactful, financial instrument.

Millennials and Gen Z are revolutionizing the financial landscape, leveraging cryptocurrencies to challenge traditional systems and redefine money itself. Curious about how this shift affects your financial future? Let's uncover the powerful changes they’re driving!
The financial world is undergoing a significant transformation, largely driven by Millennials and Gen Z. These digital-native generations are embracing cryptocurrencies at an unprecedented rate, challenging traditional financial systems and catalysing a shift toward new forms of digital finance, redefining how we perceive and interact with money.
This movement is not just a fleeting trend but a fundamental change that is redefining how we perceive and interact with money.
Digital Natives Leading the Way
Growing up in the digital age, Millennials (born 1981-1996) and Gen Z (born 1997-2012) are inherently comfortable with technology. This familiarity extends to their financial behaviours, with a noticeable inclination toward adopting innovative solutions like cryptocurrencies and blockchain technology.
According to the Grayscale Investments and Harris Poll Report which studied Americans, 44% agree that “crypto and blockchain technology are the future of finance.” Looking more closely at the demographics, Millenials and Gen Z’s expressed the highest levels of enthusiasm, underscoring the pivotal role younger generations play in driving cryptocurrency adoption.
Desire for Financial Empowerment and Inclusion
Economic challenges such as the 2008 financial crisis and the impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic have shaped these generations' perspectives on traditional finance. There's a growing scepticism toward conventional financial institutions and a desire for greater control over personal finances.
The Grayscale-Harris Poll found that 23% of those surveyed believe that cryptocurrencies are a long-term investment, up from 19% the previous year. The report also found that 41% of participants are currently paying more attention to Bitcoin and other crypto assets because of geopolitical tensions, inflation, and a weakening US dollar (up from 34%).
This sentiment fuels engagement with cryptocurrencies as viable investment assets and tools for financial empowerment.
Influence on Market Dynamics
The collective financial influence of Millennials and Gen Z is significant. Their active participation in cryptocurrency markets contributes to increased liquidity and shapes market trends. Social media platforms like Reddit, Twitter, and TikTok have become pivotal in disseminating information and investment strategies among these generations.
The rise of cryptocurrencies like Dogecoin and Shiba Inu demonstrates how younger investors leverage online communities to impact financial markets2. This phenomenon shows their ability to mobilise and drive market movements, challenging traditional investment paradigms.
Embracing Innovation and Technological Advancement
Cryptocurrencies represent more than just investment opportunities; they embody technological innovation that resonates with Millennials and Gen Z. Blockchain technology and digital assets are areas where these generations are not only users but also contributors.
A 2021 survey by Pew Research Center indicated that 31% of Americans aged 18-29 have invested in, traded, or used cryptocurrency, compared to just 8% of those aged 50-64. This significant disparity highlights the generational embrace of digital assets and the technologies underpinning them.
Impact on Traditional Financial Institutions
The shift toward cryptocurrencies is prompting traditional financial institutions to adapt. Banks, investment firms, and payment platforms are increasingly integrating crypto services to meet the evolving demands of younger clients.
Companies like PayPal and Square have expanded their cryptocurrency offerings, allowing users to buy, hold, and sell cryptocurrencies directly from their platforms. These developments signify the financial industry's recognition of the growing importance of cryptocurrencies.
Challenges and Considerations
While enthusiasm is high, challenges such as regulatory uncertainties, security concerns, and market volatility remain. However, Millennials and Gen Z appear willing to navigate these risks, drawn by the potential rewards and alignment with their values of innovation and financial autonomy.
In summary
Millennials and Gen Z are redefining the financial landscape, with their embrace of cryptocurrencies serving as a catalyst for broader change. This isn't just about alternative investments; it's a shift in how younger generations view financial systems and their place within them. Their drive for autonomy, transparency, and technological integration is pushing traditional institutions to innovate rapidly.
This generational influence extends beyond personal finance, potentially reshaping global economic structures. For industry players, from established banks to fintech startups, adapting to these changing preferences isn't just advantageous—it's essential for long-term viability.
As cryptocurrencies and blockchain technology mature, we're likely to see further transformations in how society interacts with money. Those who can navigate this evolving landscape, balancing innovation with stability, will be well-positioned for the future of finance. It's a complex shift, but one that offers exciting possibilities for a more inclusive and technologically advanced financial ecosystem. The financial world is changing, and it's the young guns who are calling the shots.

You might have heard of the "Travel Rule" before, but do you know what it actually mean? Let us dive into it for you.
What is the "Travel Rule"?
You might have heard of the "Travel Rule" before, but do you know what it actually mean? Well, let me break it down for you. The Travel Rule, also known as FATF Recommendation 16, is a set of measures aimed at combating money laundering and terrorism financing through financial transactions.
So, why is it called the Travel Rule? It's because the personal data of the transacting parties "travels" with the transfers, making it easier for authorities to monitor and regulate these transactions. See, now it all makes sense!
The Travel Rule applies to financial institutions engaged in virtual asset transfers and crypto companies, collectively referred to as virtual asset service providers (VASPs). These VASPs have to obtain and share "required and accurate originator information and required beneficiary information" with counterparty VASPs or financial institutions during or before the transaction.
To make things more practical, the FATF recommends that countries adopt a de minimis threshold of 1,000 USD/EUR for virtual asset transfers. This means that transactions below this threshold would have fewer requirements compared to those exceeding it.
For transfers of Virtual Assets falling below the de minimis threshold, Virtual Asset Service Providers (VASPs) are required to gather:
- The identities of the sender (originator) and receiver (beneficiary).
- Either the wallet address associated with each transaction involving Virtual Assets (VAs) or a unique reference number assigned to the transaction.
- Verification of this gathered data is not obligatory, unless any suspicious circumstances concerning money laundering or terrorism financing arise. In such instances, it becomes essential to verify customer information.
Conversely, for transfers surpassing the de minimis threshold, VASPs are obligated to collect more extensive particulars, encompassing:
- Full name of the sender (originator).
- The account number employed by the sender (originator) for processing the transaction, such as a wallet address.
- The physical (geographical) address of the sender (originator), national identity number, a customer identification number that uniquely distinguishes the sender to the ordering institution, or details like date and place of birth.
- Name of the receiver (beneficiary).
- Account number of the receiver (beneficiary) utilized for transaction processing, similar to a wallet address.
By following these guidelines, virtual asset service providers can contribute to a safer and more transparent virtual asset ecosystem while complying with international regulations on anti-money laundering and countering the financing of terrorism. It's all about ensuring the integrity of financial transactions and safeguarding against illicit activities.
Implementation of the Travel Rule in the United Kingdom
A notable shift is anticipated in the United Kingdom's oversight of the virtual asset sector, commencing September 1, 2023.
This seminal development comes in the form of the Travel Rule, which falls under Part 7A of the Money Laundering Regulations 2017. Designed to combat money laundering and terrorist financing within the virtual asset industry, this new regulation expands the information-sharing requirements for wire transfers to encompass virtual asset transfers.
The HM Treasury of the UK has meticulously customized the provisions of the revised Wire Transfer Regulations to cater to the unique demands of the virtual asset sector. This underscores the government's unwavering commitment to fostering a secure and transparent financial ecosystem. Concurrently, it signals their resolve to enable the virtual asset industry to flourish.
The Travel Rule itself originates from the updated version of the Financial Action Task Force's recommendation on information-sharing requirements for wire transfers. By extending these recommendations to cover virtual asset transfers, the UK aspires to significantly mitigate the risk of illicit activities within the sector.
Undoubtedly, the Travel Rule heralds a landmark stride forward in regulating the virtual asset industry in the UK. By extending the ambit of information-sharing requirements and fortifying oversight over virtual asset firms
Implementation of the Travel Rule in the European Union
Prepare yourself, as a new regulation called the Travel Rule is set to be introduced in the world of virtual assets within the European Union. Effective from December 30, 2024, this rule will take effect precisely 18 months after the initial enforcement of the Transfer of Funds Regulation.
Let's delve into the details of the Travel Rule. When it comes to information requirements, there will be no distinction made between cross-border transfers and transfers within the EU. The revised Transfer of Funds regulation recognizes all virtual asset transfers as cross-border, acknowledging the borderless nature and global reach of such transactions and services.
Now, let's discuss compliance obligations. To ensure adherence to these regulations, European Crypto Asset Service Providers (CASPs) must comply with certain measures. For transactions exceeding 1,000 EUR with self-hosted wallets, CASPs are obligated to collect crucial originator and beneficiary information. Additionally, CASPs are required to fulfill additional wallet verification obligations.
The implementation of these measures within the European Union aims to enhance transparency and mitigate potential risks associated with virtual asset transfers. For individuals involved in this domain, it is of utmost importance to stay informed and adhere to these new guidelines in order to ensure compliance.
What does the travel rules means to me as user?
As a user in the virtual asset industry, the implementation of the Travel Rule brings some significant changes that are designed to enhance the security and transparency of financial transactions. This means that when you engage in virtual asset transfers, certain personal information will now be shared between the involved parties. While this might sound intrusive at first, it plays a crucial role in combating fraud, money laundering, and terrorist financing.
The Travel Rule aims to create a safer environment for individuals like you by reducing the risks associated with illicit activities. This means that you can have greater confidence in the legitimacy of the virtual asset transactions you engage in. The regulation aims to weed out illicit activities and promote a level playing field for legitimate users. This fosters trust and confidence among users, attracting more participants and further driving the growth and development of the industry.
However, it's important to note that complying with this rule may require you to provide additional information to virtual asset service providers. Your privacy and the protection of your personal data remain paramount, and service providers are bound by strict regulations to ensure the security of your information.
In summary, the Travel Rule is a positive development for digital asset users like yourself, as it contributes to a more secure and trustworthy virtual asset industry.
Unlocking Compliance and Seamless Experiences: Tap's Proactive Approach to Upcoming Regulations
Tap is fully committed to upholding regulatory compliance, while also prioritizing a seamless and enjoyable customer experience. In order to achieve this delicate balance, Tap has proactively sought out partnerships with trusted solution providers and is actively engaged in industry working groups. By collaborating with experts in the field, Tap ensures it remains on the cutting edge of best practices and innovative solutions.
These efforts not only demonstrate Tap's dedication to compliance, but also contribute to creating a secure and transparent environment for its users. By staying ahead of the curve, Tap can foster trust and confidence in the cryptocurrency ecosystem, reassuring customers that their financial transactions are safe and protected.
But Tap's commitment to compliance doesn't mean sacrificing user experience. On the contrary, Tap understands the importance of providing a seamless journey for its customers. This means that while regulatory requirements may be changing, Tap is working diligently to ensure that users can continue to enjoy a smooth and hassle-free experience.
By combining a proactive approach to compliance with a determination to maintain user satisfaction, Tap is setting itself apart as a trusted leader in the financial technology industry. So rest assured, as Tap evolves in response to new regulations, your experience as a customer will remain top-notch and worry-free.
Unveiling the future of money: Explore the game-changing Central Bank Digital Currencies and their potential impact on finance.
Since the debut of Bitcoin in 2009, central banks have been living in fear of the disruptive technology that is cryptocurrency. Distributed ledger technology has revolutionized the digital world and has continued to challenge the corruption of central bank morals.
Financial institutions can’t beat or control cryptocurrency, so they are joining them in creating digital currencies. Governments have now been embracing digital currencies in the form of CBDCs, otherwise known as central bank digital currencies.
Central bank digital currencies are digital tokens, similar to cryptocurrency, issued by a central bank. They are pegged to the value of that country's fiat currency, acting as a digital currency version of the national currency. CBDCs are created and regulated by a country's central bank and monetary authorities.
A central bank digital currency is generally created for a sense of financial inclusion and to improve the application of monetary and fiscal policy. Central banks adopting currency in digital form presents great benefits for the federal reserve system as well as citizens, but there are some cons lurking behind the central bank digital currency facade.
Types of central bank digital currencies
While the concept of a central bank digital currency is quite easy to understand, there are layers to central bank money in its digital form. Before we take a deep dive into the possibilities presented by the central banks and their digital money, we will break down the different types of central bank digital currencies.
Wholesale CBDCs
Wholesale central bank digital currencies are targeted at financial institutions, whereby reserve balances are held within a central bank. This integration assists the financial system and institutions in improving payment systems and security payment efficiency.
This is much simpler than rolling out a central bank digital currency to the whole country but provides support for large businesses when they want to transfer money. These digital payments would also act as a digital ledger and aid in the avoidance of money laundering.
Retail CBDCs
A retail central bank digital currency refers to government-backed digital assets used between businesses and customers. This type of central bank digital currency is aimed at traditional currency, acting as a digital version of physical currency. These digital assets would allow retail payment systems, direct P2P CBDC transactions, as well as international settlements among businesses. It would be similar to having a bank account, where you could digitally transfer money through commercial banks, except the currency would be in the form of a digital yuan or euro, rather than the federal reserve of currency held by central banks.
Pros and cons of a central bank digital currency (CBDC)
Central banks are looking for ways to keep their money in the country, as opposed to it being spent on buying cryptocurrencies, thus losing it to a global market. As digital currencies become more popular, each central bank must decide whether they want to fight it or profit from the potential. Regardless of adoption, central banks creating their own digital currencies comes with benefits and disadvantages to users that you need to know.
Pros of central bank digital currency (CBDC)
- Cross border payments
- Track money laundering activity
- Secure international monetary fund
- Reduces risk of commercial bank collapse
- Cheaper
- More secure
- Promotes financial inclusion
Cons of central bank digital currency (CDBC)
- Central banks have complete control
- No anonymity of digital currency transfers
- Cybersecurity issues
- Price reliant on fiat currency equivalent
- Physical money may be eliminated
- Ban of distributed ledger technology and cryptocurrency
Central bank digital currency conclusion
Central bank money in an electronic form has been a big debate in the blockchain technology space, with so many countries considering the possibility. The European Central Bank, as well as other central banks, have been considering the possibility of central bank digital currencies as a means of improving the financial system. The Chinese government is in the midst of testing out their e-CNY, which some are calling the digital yuan. They have seen great success so far, but only after completely banning Bitcoin trading.
There is a lot of good that can come from CBDCs, but the benefits are mostly for the federal reserve system and central banks. Bank-account holders and citizens may have their privacy compromised and their investment options limited if the world adopts CBDCs.
It's important to remember that central bank digital currencies are not cryptocurrencies. They do not compete with cryptocurrencies and the benefits of blockchain technology. Their limited use cases can only be applied when reinforced by a financial system authority. Only time will tell if CBDCs will succeed, but right now you can appreciate the advantages brought to you by crypto.
Tap makes entering the Bitcoin world simple. Buy, sell, hold, and trade Bitcoin easily on our secure platform.
Welcome to this week's Crypto Update, your go-to destination for the latest news in the exciting world of cryptocurrencies. Let's dive right into the highlights of the past week in the dynamic crypto market.
Etherscan's AI Tool for Smart Contracts:
Etherscan has launched Code Reader, an advanced tool that utilizes AI to retrieve and interpret source code from specific Ethereum contract addresses. Code Reader leverages OpenAI's powerful language model to generate comprehensive insights into contract source code files. The tool allows users to gain a deeper understanding of contract code, access comprehensive lists of smart contract functions, and explore contract interactions with decentralized applications. To access and utilize Code Reader, users need a valid OpenAI API Key and sufficient OpenAI usage limits. However, researchers caution about the challenges posed by current AI models, including computing power limitations, data synchronization, network optimization, and privacy concerns.
SEC's increased scrutiny on cryptocurrencies sparks debate:
The U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission's (SEC) increased scrutiny has led to a prominent debate concerning the future of XRP and Ethereum. Max Keiser, a well-known Bitcoin advocate, predicts the downfall of XRP and Ethereum due to regulatory overreach. In contrast, John Deaton, representing XRP holders, opposes this view, arguing for a more balanced regulatory approach. The cryptocurrency community is now anxiously awaiting regulatory clarity, as the SEC's actions remain unpredictable.
It's important to note that the regulatory environment is constantly evolving and can have significant impacts on the cryptocurrency market, including Ethereum. Therefore, it is advisable to stay informed about the latest developments.
A Call for Clarity: Federal reserve governor advocates for clearer crypto regulations:
Michelle Bowman, a Federal Reserve Governor, has urged global regulators to establish clearer regulations for emerging banking activities, particularly banking as a service and digital assets. She emphasized the need for a well-defined regulatory framework to address the supervisory void and uncertainties that financial institutions currently face. Bowman's call aligns with the growing demand for enhanced regulation of digital assets. A robust and comprehensive regulatory framework is crucial for ensuring the stability and integrity of the banking sector, mitigating risks, protecting consumers, and fostering innovation.
Turkish lira hit a record low against the US dollar
The Turkish lira hit a historic low, trading at 25.74 per US dollar, following Turkey's central bank decision to raise interest rates by 650 basis points to 15%. While the hike was expected, it fell short of the anticipated 21%, and analysts believe a larger increase was needed to show the government's resolve to fight inflation. The lira's devaluation has been part of a larger trend, prompting citizens to invest in alternative assets like digital currencies and gold. The central bank, now under new leadership, has adopted a more gradual approach to rate adjustments, seeking to stabilize the economy. However, the uncertainty surrounding Turkey's economic future persists.
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The three core questions to ask yourself before investing are:
- What do you aim to achieve from each investment?
- How much money can you safely invest?
- How much risk are you prepared to take?
Establishing the answers early on will help you determine which investment avenues are best suited to your needs. For instance, investing for retirement will require a more steady and low-risk approach, while looking to make high profits will require a more high-risk approach.
Below is a list of other factors to consider:
INFLATION
Inflation is the rate at which the value of a currency decreases. Always ensure your return on investment is higher than the inflation rate otherwise your investment will lose value over time.
RISK
Managing risk is an important element of investing. Higher returns typically involve higher risk, ensuring that your strategies align with what you are comfortable with is a must.
LIQUIDITY
Liquidity indicates how quickly an asset can be sold. For investments made using capital that you might require in the short term, you will want to ensure that you invest in a market that has high liquidity. For example, the Bitcoin market is highly liquid while a smaller altcoin will likely be harder to sell.
DIVERSIFICATION
Diversifying your investments helps to manage risk and spread rewards. Similar to “don’t put all your eggs in one basket”, diversification ensures that should one coin underperform the impact is greatly reduced. Try to include a range of coins in your portfolio.
TAX
Last but not least, ensure that you are aware of the tax implications of your investment, as tax laws vary from country to country. The responsibility lies with each individual to establish what these are and adhere to them accordingly.
Cryptocurrencies function much like traditional currencies in that they can be transferred digitally and used to pay for goods and services around the globe. However, they also pose several benefits that fiat currencies lack, such as the fact that they operate using a decentralized network and not a bank or government agency (providing greater control to users) and can execute international payments in a fraction of the time and cost.
While many believe cryptocurrencies will eventually replace traditional currencies, there is plenty to be done before we get there. We are sooner more likely to experience cryptocurrencies working alongside traditional currencies than entirely replacing them, a movement that is generating momentum each day.
Before we launch into what the industry needs in order to go mainstream, let's first observe how we reached this pinnacle moment in the history of finance.
How crypto officially got on the map
Bitcoin was created to provide an independent financial system to people that were thrown into serious debt following the global financial crisis. The digital currency was created to provide individuals with the opportunity to control their funds independently from any financial institution.
Since the advent of Bitcoin in 2009, cryptocurrencies have experienced interest from many groups of people, largely outside of mainstream media. In 2017, following a wild bull run, Bitcoin was first thrust into the mainstream media spotlight as it fast became the main topic of conversation across various news channels around the world.
Fast forward three years to the pandemic. Following global market crashes, Bitcoin displayed impressive resistance and built its wealth back more quickly than many other assets and stock markets. This caught the eye of many large corporations, dispelling scepticism and leading one in particular to move their USD reserves into Bitcoin. Following Microstrategy's decision to buy large amounts of BTC, many other large corporations followed suit, with companies like PayPal and Square even incorporating cryptocurrencies into their systems.
This wave of institutional investment not only increased the value of the markets but also helped to build confidence for retail investors to invest in such "risky" assets. This also played a large role in major corporations embarking on serious research and development of both blockchain technology and cryptocurrencies.
What crypto needs
Commonly used as an investment tool, cryptocurrencies were designed to facilitate faster and more economical transactions. Operating on a peer-to-peer basis, cryptocurrencies essentially cut out the middleman (and its fees) and make digital cash more readily available.
As with most things in life, there are two significant camps for and against the mainstream use of cryptocurrencies. Those for the widespread adoption believe the spike in interest will continue on its upward trajectory, believing that very little could hinder its growth. Those against the growth argue that fluctuating market prices and uncertainty around the practical application will hinder its mainstream adoption.
What cryptocurrencies likely need before any mainstream adoption is a well planned regulatory framework that can appease both the innovative technology and the merchants and consumers using it. Regulations are a necessary component to anything becoming mainstream, and the ones surrounding cryptocurrencies are vague at best. While many nations are working on creating and implementing these, there is still a gaping hole in the industry.
Based on conversations taking place in the banking and fintech worlds, it is highly likely that in the coming years more traditional companies will expand to offer crypto-enabled financial services. As interest and access continue to grow, companies will need to follow suit if they wish to stay in the game. Large payment processing companies like Visa and Mastercard are already looking to provide crypto services, a key indicator as to where the market is headed.
What are the advantages of Bitcoin over existing currencies?
Bitcoin, and other cryptocurrencies, pose several advantages over fiat currencies. The biggest attribute to cryptocurrencies is that they are decentralized, meaning that they are not controlled by governments or banks, rather they are issued by the network and managed by the individual holding them. Instead of a government deciding to print more money thereby increasing inflation, cryptocurrencies are inflationary and instead created using a mining system that is controlled by various mechanisms.
Using blockchain technology, the digital cash systems provide an immutable and transparent ledger that records all the transactions and ownership, ensuring that funds are handled properly and with the correct measures. Cryptocurrencies also pose a much faster and cheaper means of sending money across borders, a huge advantage for businesses operating on a global level (i.e. sending funds from the U.S. to the United Kingdom).
The biggest advantage to crypto is that it is financially inclusive. Anyone around the world can partake in the payment system with no paperwork, previous financial statements or tedious processes required, it simply requires an internet connection.
What are the disadvantages of Bitcoin compared with existing currencies?
Currently, the disadvantages of cryptocurrencies are that they are not freely accepted around the world (yet). While the adoption levels are rising there is still a gap in how and where users can spend their cryptocurrencies. Another disadvantage is the market's volatility, posing potential inconsistencies between the price when making a payment and once the payment is received.
El Salvador leads the pack
In late 2021 El Salvador became the first country to initiate Bitcoin as a legal tender alongside the US dollar. The decision has accumulated many mixed reviews, with some hailing the president a revolutionary and others concerned he will crash the country's already fragile economy. Should his plan work out we're likely to see this happen again.
In conclusion: Crypto is on an upward trajectory
With all things considered, cryptocurrencies and blockchain technology are here to stay. While cryptocurrencies might be a significant distance from becoming mainstream, they are far too integrated into our society and financial landscape to all but disappear. All things considered, the money is too great, the technology too innovative and the thought of financial inclusion too promising for any of it to go away.

The DeFi scene has exploded in recent years, with a number of successful protocols contributing to the rising volume and liquidity (Uniswap, PancakeSwap, and SushiSwap to name a few). While these protocols have entirely democratized trading in the crypto space, there are still some risks associated with getting involved.
If you have experience in DeFi trading you’ve likely come across this term. Impermanent loss refers to losses made as a result of the price changes of the digital assets from when the liquidity provider deposited them into the liquidity pool to now. Below we break down how impermanent loss happens and how to manage the risk.
How does impermanent loss happen?
Impermanent loss is when the price of the digital asset changes from the time you deposited it, providing liquidity to a liquidity pool, to the time you withdrew it. The bigger this change, the bigger the loss (essentially less dollar value at the time of withdrawal). There are of course ways to mitigate impermanent loss.
Liquidity providers' exposure to impermanent loss is decreased when trading in pools with assets that have smaller price ranges, like stablecoins (a stable asset) and wrapped versions of coins for example. In these cases, liquidity providers can provide liquidity with a lower risk of impermanent loss.
In some cases, impermanent loss can also be counteracted by trading fees. Liquidity pools exposed to a high risk of impermanent loss can still be profitable thanks to lucrative trading fees.
For example, Uniswap offers liquidity providers 0.3% on every trade, so if the pool has a high trading volume, liquidity providers can still make money even if exposed to impermanent loss. This will depend on the protocol, deposited assets, specific pool, and wider market conditions.
What does impermanent loss looks like for liquidity providers in liquidity pools?
Here is an example of what impermanent loss might look like for a liquidity provider trading on automated market makers (AMM).
Say John finds an automated market maker that requires a pair of digital assets equating to the same value. For the sake of this example, say 1 ETH is equivalent to 1,000 USDT, which he deposits in a liquidity pool. The total value of his deposit, therefore, sits at $2,000.
Other liquidity providers have contributed a combined offering of 10 ETH and 10,000 USDT into the liquidity pool, meaning that John holds a 10% share of the overall liquidity pool.
Let's say that the price of ETH rises to 4,000 USDT. During this time, arbitrage traders will contribute USDT to the liquidity pool and remove ETH until the ratio reflects the price increase. Note that AMMs don't have order books. Instead, the price of assets is determined by the ratio between them in the liquidity pool, meaning that while the liquidity remains constant, the ratio of assets in it changes.
In this case, if the price of ETH is now worth 4,000 USDT then the arbitrage traders will work to ensure that the liquidity pool now holds 5 ETH and 20,000 USDT. The liquidity pool's total liquidity is now worth $40,000.
If John decides to withdraw his funds, he's entitled to 10% of the liquidity pool's share based on his initial deposit and the size of the liquidity pool. He, therefore, is entitled to withdraw 0.5 ETH and 2,000 USDT, equating to $4,000 in value. However, if he'd kept the initial 1 ETH and 1,000 USDT this would be worth $5,000 now.
In this case, John would have made bigger returns had he hodled instead of using the liquidity pool and this is what impermanent loss is all about.
This example does not incorporate trading fees that John might have earned for providing liquidity to the liquidity pool. In many cases, these fees would cancel out the losses and make the process profitable. Either way, understanding what impermanent loss is, is imperative before providing liquidity in the DeFi space.
A look at impermanent loss vs price increases (excl trading fees)
So, impermanent loss happens when the price of the cryptocurrency assets in the liquidity pool changes. But how much is it exactly? Note that it doesn’t account for fees earned for providing liquidity.
Here is an overview of the impermanent losses incurred due to asset price increases (note that trading fees are not factored in here). Impermanent loss examples:
1.25x price change = 0.6% loss
1.50x price change = 2.0% loss
1.75x price change = 3.8% loss
2x price change = 5.7% loss
3x price change = 13.4% loss
4x price change = 20.0% loss
5x price change = 25.5% loss
Note that impermanent loss happens whether the price both increases or decreases as it is calculated by the price ratio relative to the time of the initial deposit into the liquidity pool. Unfortunately in these cases, price volatility leads liquidity providers to lose money.
The risks associated with becoming a liquidity provider
Realistically, impermanent loss isn't the best name. The losses are known as "impermanent" because they only become evident when you withdraw your coins from the liquidity pool. However, the "temporary loss" then becomes pretty permanent. Although the fees might be able to compensate for those losses, it does seem like a somewhat deceptive title.
When you put cryptocurrency assets into an AMM, be cautious. Some liquidity pools are far more vulnerable to fleeting losses than others, as we've discussed above. As a general rule, the more volatile the assets in the liquidity pool are, the greater your chance of being exposed to impermanent loss. It's also preferable to start by depositing a little bit of money in a liquidity pool to see the returns before exposing a lump sum.
Another thing to keep in mind is to look for more established, tried-and-true AMMs. It's fairly simple to fork an existing AMM and make a few modifications thanks to DeFi. However, this might introduce bugs that lock your funds in the liquidity pool indefinitely. If a liquidity pool promises exceptionally high returns, there's more than likely a tradeoff taking place and there's likely to be much higher risk associated. Be sure to understand the ins and outs of any liquidity pool before making any deposits.

Portfolio diversification is a strategy that involves allocating funds across a variety of different securities and assets to reduce risk and improve overall potential returns. It is recommended by financial experts because it helps to spread out the risk and prevents your portfolio from being too dependent on one particular asset.
What is diversification?
Diversification is a key strategy for managing portfolios and risks. Effective risk management involves spreading out allocations to minimise vulnerability to market changes.
The concept of diversification is simple - instead of putting all your eggs in one basket, you spread them out across multiple baskets. This way, if one allocation underperforms or experiences a loss, the impact on your overall portfolio is minimised because the other allocations can potentially offset those losses.
A diversified portfolio can consist of various types of assets, including stocks, bonds, funds, real estate, CDs, and even savings accounts. As each asset class behaves differently in different economic conditions, it offers varying levels of potential gain and loss.
While we won't cover this topic here, it's worth noting that when referred to in a business sense, diversification involves expanding product offerings or entering new markets to reduce reliance on a single revenue source and mitigate risks.
Exploring the concept of diversification in portfolio management
Diversification involves spreading allocations across various asset classes to reduce risk exposure. For instance, allocating funds to stocks, bonds, and cash equivalents simultaneously forms a diversified portfolio, or allocating funds to stocks across several countries and industries.
Diversification minimises the impact of poor performance in one asset class. In contrast to relying solely on a single asset type, diversified portfolios provide a safety net against market volatility, enhancing long-term stability.
Different types of asset options
Below we explore a number of asset options that can be utilised in a diversified portfolio:
Stocks
- Stocks tend to have the highest long-term potential returns but can also experience significant volatility in the short term.
Funds
- Funds can be diversified if they hold many different assets, but some funds may focus on a specific industry or sector.
Bonds
- Bonds offer more stable potential returns with fixed payouts but are influenced by changes in interest rates.
CDs and savings accounts
- CDs and savings accounts provide stability and steady growth based on interest rates.
Real estate
- Real estate can provide slow appreciation over time and potential income, but it also involves maintenance costs and high commissions.
By owning a mix of these assets, you can benefit from the different performance characteristics they offer. When some assets are performing well, others may not be doing as well, and vice versa. This lack of correlation between assets is what makes diversification effective in reducing risk.
The benefits of diversification
Diversification not only helps to reduce the risk of your portfolio, but it can also improve your potential returns. By spreading your allocations across different types of assets, you are more likely to have a smoother overall potential return. While one asset may be experiencing a downturn, another asset may be performing well, balancing out the overall performance of your portfolio.
It's important to note that while diversification can reduce risk, it cannot eliminate all risk. Diversification helps to reduce asset-specific risk, such as the risk associated with having too much allocation in one stock or one type of asset. However, it cannot protect you from market-specific risk, which is the risk associated with owning a particular type of asset in general.
How to build a diversified strategy
To develop a diversification strategy, you can start by creating a portfolio that includes a mix of different assets. Be sure to allocate based on your personal risk tolerance, time horizon, and financial objectives. Below are several options to consider when building a diversified portfolio.
Examples of building a diversified portfolio
Please note that this is not financial advice but merely examples of how one might diversify their portfolio.
You might explore the option of allocating funds to a widely diversified index fund, such as the S&P 500 index, which holds interests in numerous companies. Combining bonds and CDs could contribute to portfolio stability and assured potential returns. Holding cash in a savings account can offer stability and act as a financial safety net.
If you're inclined to expand beyond the fundamental approach, further diversifying your stock and bond allocations is an option. For stocks, you could contemplate allocating funds to a fund targeting emerging markets or international corporations, as these often diverge from broader index funds. Regarding bonds, varying maturity lengths in bond funds can grant access to short-term and long-term bonds.
Some financial professionals even suggest the consideration of including commodities like gold or silver to extend diversification beyond conventional assets.
Building a diversified portfolio may seem complex, but it doesn't have to be. You can utilise low-cost mutual funds or exchange-traded funds (ETFs) that offer diversification across different asset classes. Many major brokerages now offer these funds with zero commissions, making it a more accessible and cost-effective offering for those allocating funds.
If you prefer a more hands-off approach, you could contemplate allocating funds to a target-date fund or utilising a robo-advisor. Target-date funds recalibrate asset allocation according to your planned time horizon, progressively adjusting to lower-risk assets. Robo-advisors use algorithms to formulate and sustain a diversified portfolio grounded in your objectives and risk tolerance.
Risk management
Be sure to regularly review and rebalance your portfolio to ensure it aligns with your objectives. Assessing and adjusting the asset allocation helps maintain desired levels of risk and potential returns.
In conclusion
Diversification is an essential strategy for those looking to reduce risk and potentially improve returns. By spreading allocations across different assets, you can mitigate the impact of any single asset's performance on your overall portfolio.
Whether you choose to build a diversified portfolio yourself or seek assistance from a fund or robo-advisor, diversification can help you navigate varying economic conditions and work towards your financial objectives.

Market manipulation can be described as any attempt to interfere with the free and fair operation of the markets. This concept has become more popular as more businesses pop up, but is very much illegal and considered by law as fraud. Not exclusive to crypto markets, various acts of market manipulation can be found across all traditional trading sectors including the stock market.
There are many ways to practice market manipulation, such as falsifying numbers to attract investors' interest leading them to invest in the company and buy stocks that they otherwise would not have. Another method of market manipulation, especially crypto market manipulation, are pump and dumps, and that's exactly what we're covering in this article.
What are pump and dump schemes?
The term pump and dump can be traced back to as early as the 1990s when broker Stratton Oakmont artificially inflated the price of the stock he owned. Through false advertising and misleading statements, he created positive sentiment around his stock and then sold his cheaply purchased stock at a much higher price leading to great profits. Pump and dumps can occur across any industry and is most prevalent on stock exchanges and the digital assets space.
This may have been long ago, but pump and dump schemes quickly became popular in the cryptocurrency trading sector. Funny enough, pump and dumps within crypto were driven by John McAfee, creator of McAfee software security. John McAfee was not the only person to partake in pump and dumps, but he was the leader at the time.
He created trading groups where they would discuss which project to push funds into, driving the price up, and then selling for a substantial profit. People would see the price rise 200% in 15 minutes and buy in, and that's when McAfees' army would sell. This is similar to Oakmont, where he bought cheap stock and drove up the price so he could sell it for much more.
Are pump and dumps a scam?
Yes, usually they are a scam that only benefits insider traders, such as pump and dump group members. Even members of pump and dump groups can fall victim to this scam, as there is even insider trading within insider trading, meaning if they don't sell soon enough they will lose funds. In the traditional financial sectors, there are laws in place to prevent this problem.
How long does a pump and dump last?
That depends on what the pump and dump groups agree on, some only last a few minutes while others can last a few hours. The duration of a pump and dump is reliant on what the group agrees to.
Are pump and dumps illegal?
In short yes, but not as broadly as they should be. Pumps and dumps in the fiat financial world are very much illegal and could lead to jail time. In the United States, it is a crime worthy of up to 5 years of incarceration or a $250,000 US dollar fine, or both, however, laws vary in different countries. So there are clearly rules and laws in place to deter fiat or stock traders from participating in pumps and dumps, but the same can not be said for cryptocurrency trading.
This is another great example of why governments should be more open to accepting cryptocurrency as a legitimate currency. While there are no laws against pump and dumps in cryptocurrency, it is still extremely immoral. This can be seen in comparison to fiat, where it is considered illegal, so why not do the same for cryptocurrency?
We wish we could answer this, but at the end of the day, because of the lack of regulation or even consideration around crypto, pump and dump schemes have become increasingly more popular as people hope to make a quick buck off their fellow community members. Are pump and dumps illegal in cryptocurrency? No. Should they be? Yes.
As governments around the world work to establish a regulatory framework around cryptocurrencies we can only hope that pump and dump schemes make a feature.
Has Bitcoin had a pump and dump?
No, while Bitcoin has its own share of volatility, in the years since it's gained considerable value it has not been involved in a financial scheme of this nature. As its value is so high it would take a huge amount of investors and value to alter the market to this proportion.
Which coins are pump and dumps?
Generally, pump and dump coins are low market cap coins that are susceptible to volatility, meaning any money put in makes a big difference. However, pump and dumps can happen to almost any coin, the lower market cap coins are just usually the target in the crypto space.
Closing thoughts
Pump and dump groups are a tricky topic within the cryptocurrency space, as some people greatly gain from these market tactics. Looking at it from an outside perspective, maybe as someone who saw a coin rising and was excited to get it, only to be left in the red 10 minutes later, this can be devastating.
Aside from the victims of pump and dumps, it is illegal within the fiat financial sector and should be considered the same regardless of whether governments see cryptocurrency as legitimate tender. Again, everyone is free to make their own decisions, we are simply here to educate you on what pump and dumps are, how they work, and what to look out for.

Formerly called the Matic Network, Polygon was created as a scaling solution to improve on some of the problems (including transaction price) within the blockchain network. Currently sitting within the top 20 biggest cryptocurrencies based on market cap, Polygon has caught the attention of many crypto investors. In this article, let's explore what Polygon is and discover the services and use cases associated with MATIC.
By providing a framework for generating scaling solutions that are compatible with Ethereum, Polygon aims to guide that future closer to reality. The team has announced the launch of a Proof of Stake sidechain, which has already attracted some interest among the Bitcoin, decentralised apps and cryptocurrency community.
The much-anticipated Ethereum scalability roadmap is now coming into force, and the Polygon initiative is one of them helping to achieve this. Let's take a closer look at the platform.
What is Polygon (MATIC)?
The Polygon network enables the development of Ethereum-compatible blockchain networks and scaling protocols. Polygon is more of a protocol than a single solution. This is why one of the ecosystem's primary products is the Polygon SDK, which allows developers to create these Ethereum-compliant networks. Designed as a modular, flexible second layer, the network aims to expand Ethereum in terms of size, efficiency, usefulness and security and in turn transform it into a full-fledged multi-chain system.
Polygon uses a Proof-of-Stake consensus mechanism combined with the Plasma Framework. The Plasma Framework facilitates the execution of scalable and autonomous smart contracts, as proposed by Ethereum founder Vitalik Buterin.
Through the platform's intricate technology and architecture, Polygon can process up to 65,000 transactions per second and execute block confirmation in less than two seconds. While Polygon is currently only interoperable with the Ethereum network, in the future it aims to support several other top blockchain platforms.
Who founded Polygon / Matic?
The network was created by blockchain developers Jaynti Kanani, Sandeep Nailwal, and Mihailo Bjelic all with extensive experience building with Ethereum. The other co-founder, Anurag Arjun, is the only founding member to come from a non-programming background and serves as a business consultant and product manager.
After a successful ICO in 2017 and 2019, the team raised over $5.6 million. The Matic Network was later launched in 2017, before undergoing a rebranding in 2021 to the Polygon network as it is known today.
How does Polygon work?
Polygon is a multi-chain platform that makes use of a network of side chains to facilitate transactions in an effective and cost-efficient manner. Bound to the Ethereum blockchain, Polygon can handle many different protocols, including the recently popular DeFi movement.
Polygon has similar functionality to other blockchain platforms like Polkadot, Cosmos, and Avalanche.
Through the platform, users are able to build Ethereum-compatible decentralized applications (dapps) using sidechain architecture and connect them to the main blockchain.
Through the PoS mechanism, users are able to stake MATIC in order to validate transactions as well as vote on network upgrades. The platform also uses a process known as PoS 'checkpointing' which revolves around a select team of block producers being appointed to each checkpoint by the stakers on the network.
These producers enable the platform to create blocks at a rapid pace as well as maintain decentralization by delegating PoS checkpoints to the main Ethereum chain. Block validation happens when periodical proofs of blocks are published by the block producers.
The Polygon network allows you to execute almost all of the same functions as Ethereum, but with fees that are significantly lower.
What is MATIC?
Matic is the native cryptocurrency to the Polygon network and gets its name from the platform's former name. MATIC is a utility token centred around providing governance rights and securing the network, as well as being used for staking and gas fees on the platform.
As a sidechain, it runs parallel to Ethereum. It's used for fees, staking, and more. Polygon is a "layer two" or "sidechain" scaling solution that runs alongside the Ethereum blockchain - allowing for speedy transactions and low fees. The end goal of Polygon is to achieve millions of transactions per second.
The Polygon Network uses its own cryptocurrency, MATIC, to pay fees on the network, for staking, and for governance (meaning holders of the token get to vote on changes). The acronym MATIC is derived from Polygon's earlier days. Polygon was launched as Matic Network in October 2017, but developers changed their name to Polygon in early 2021.
Polygon's MATIC token is an ERC-20 standard utility token based on Ethereum. The token allows for low fees and instant transactions, just like the rest of the Polygon ecosystem. The maximum supply of MATIC is 10 billion coins, with new coins released into circulation on a monthly basis. At the time of writing roughly 70% of this total supply has entered circulation with all coins scheduled to be released into circulation by December 2022, according to the official schedule. With a maximum supply capped at 10 billion, this is making MATIC deflationary.
How has the price of Polygon (MATIC) changed over time?
Let's explore the MATIC price performance, looking at the value in US dollars. After a launchpad sale selling MATIC tokens at $0.00263 per token in April 2019, MATIC soon began trading at $0.0044 once launched on its own network.
For the next nineteen months, the price ranged between $0.01 and $0.03, before gradually entering a more bullish trading period in early 2021.
Opening the year at $0.01, the price reached $0.41 in March before soaring to its current all-time high price of $2.68 achieved in mid-May. Following the price peak, the price soon dropped to $1.08 in the next five days, before correcting to $2.21.
In July 2021, the MATIC price reached a low of $0.61 before embarking on a gradual uptrend. How much is Polygon worth? Several months later and at the time of writing MATIC was trading at $1.60.
What factors can affect the price of Polygon (MATIC)?
There are several factors affecting the price of the Polygon token, MATIC. The most pressing factors are the demand for the token (people buying and selling the cryptocurrency) and the number of users looking to participate in staking.
Other factors include the general crypto economics, the market sentiment, the project's fundamental and technical developments, the news surrounding both the MATIC market and cryptocurrency market in general, and how actively the token is traded on exchanges (inflow and outflow). Regulation announcements also typically affect the price of cryptocurrencies as consumers outside of the market gain more confidence in digital asset investment.
How to buy MATIC
MATIC is one of the many cryptocurrencies tradable on Tap, providing users seamless access to the growing cryptocurrency market. Users can buy, sell, trade, and store a variety of top cryptocurrencies through the simplicity of our Tap mobile app with an integrated digital wallet.
Tap is the best place to buy, sell, trade, and hold MATIC in the United Kingdom and European regions. Signing up for a Tap account enables you to buy, sell, and hold fiat and cryptocurrency and be a part of the financial revolution.
You can read more in-depth articles on cryptocurrency coins and tokens and study how cryptocurrencies like MATIC work in our crypto basic blog.
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