
We’re excited to share that XTP trading is officially back online in the Tap app!
Following the successful integration of ProBit, a trusted exchange that continues to support XTP, users can now trade seamlessly within the app once again. This marks an important step in restoring access and strengthening the trading experience for our community
We know that waiting isn’t always easy, and we want to sincerely thank you for your patience and continued support throughout this transition. Your trust drives everything we do.
As always, we’re working behind the scenes to bring you more ways to access and use XTP, stay tuned for what’s next.
The Tap team.
NEWS AND UPDATES

Explore why Bitcoin and the crypto market are worth $2.1 trillion and why skepticism still lingers among Americans in this deep dive.
Decoding the disconnect: America's cautious approach to crypto
Bitcoin and the broader crypto market have soared to a staggering $2.1 trillion in value, but why does skepticism still linger among so many Americans?
Despite increasing adoption, digital currencies remain shrouded in doubt, revealing a significant trust gap that continues to challenge the industry. As cryptocurrencies become more woven into everyday financial transactions, closing this trust deficit is essential for ensuring sustained growth and mainstream acceptance.
In this article, we'll dive into the key reasons behind this persistent mistrust, uncover the expanding real-world uses of digital assets, and explore how education and technological advancements can help bridge the confidence gap. Keep in mind, the data presented draws from multiple studies, so some figures and age groupings may vary slightly.
A Look at the Current State of Crypto Trust
To truly understand cryptocurrency adoption and the accompanying trust issues, it’s essential to examine the latest statistics and demographic data. This section breaks down public sentiment toward crypto and provides a snapshot of its user base.
General Public Sentiment
Percentage of Americans Who Own Cryptocurrency
Cryptocurrency adoption has seen slow but steady growth over the years. According to surveys conducted by Pew Research Center in 2021 and 2023, 17% of Americans have invested in, traded, or used cryptocurrency, up slightly from 16% in 2021.
While estimates vary, Security.org places this figure higher, estimating that roughly 40% of the U.S. population - around 93 million adults - own some form of cryptocurrency.
Both studies agree that younger generations are driving much of this growth, with 30% of Americans aged 18-29 reporting they have experience with crypto.
Trust Levels in Cryptocurrency
Despite rising adoption rates, trust in cryptocurrency remains a significant hurdle. Pew Research Center found that 75% of Americans have little or no confidence that cryptocurrency exchanges can safeguard their funds. Similarly, a recent report by Morning Consult shows that 7 in 10 consumers familiar with crypto express low or no trust in it.
This contrasts the 31% who have some or high trust, or the 24% in the Pew study who are “somewhat” to “extremely” confident in cryptocurrencies.
Demographics of Crypto Adopters
- Age Groups
Cryptocurrency adoption trends reveal a distinct generational divide. According to the 2023 Morning Consult survey, Gen Z adults (ages 18-25) lead in crypto ownership at 36%, closely followed by Millennials at 30%.
These younger groups are also more inclined toward future investments, with 39% of Gen Z and 45% of Millennials planning to invest in crypto in the coming years. Over half of both generations view cryptocurrency and blockchain as the future, while a notable percentage (27% of Gen Z and 21% of Millennials) considered opening an account with a crypto exchange in the past year.
When compared to other asset classes, data from Bankrate’s 2021 survey reveals that younger Millennials (ages 25-31) favor real estate and stock market investments, while Baby Boomers have the least interest in cryptocurrency. Older Millennials (32-40) lean toward cash investments, with cryptocurrency’s appeal steadily declining with age.
Interestingly, the report also highlights gender differences, showing that 80% of women familiar with crypto express low confidence, compared to 71% of men, indicating a broader trust gap among female users.
- Income Levels
Contrary to common assumptions, cryptocurrency adoption is not confined to high-income individuals. The same Pew Research Center survey revealed that crypto ownership is relatively evenly spread across income brackets:
- 13% of those earning less than $56,600 annually own crypto.
- 19% of those earning between $56,600 and $169,800 own crypto.
- 22% of those earning over $169,800 own crypto.
This data suggests that while higher earners may be more inclined to own cryptocurrency, the appeal of digital assets spans various income levels.
- Educational Background
Education also plays a role in crypto adoption. A 2022 report by Triple-A found that the majority of crypto owners are “highly educated”:
- 24% of crypto owners have graduated from middle or high school.
- 10% have some vocational or college education.
- 39% are college graduates.
- 27% hold postgraduate degrees.
This shows that while those with some college education or a degree are more likely to own crypto, it is not exclusively a pursuit of the highly educated.
This demographic data paints a picture of cryptocurrency adopters as predominantly younger, spread across a range of income levels, and with diverse educational backgrounds. However, the trust gap between crypto and traditional financial systems remains a significant barrier to wider acceptance of digital assets.
Key Trust Barriers
To bridge the gap between cryptocurrency adoption and trust, it’s crucial to understand the major concerns fueling skepticism. This section explores these concerns and contrasts them with similar risks in traditional financial systems.
The Primary Concerns of Skeptics
Volatility
One of the most significant barriers to cryptocurrency adoption is its notorious volatility, particularly for investors seeking stable, long-term assets. Bitcoin, the most well-known cryptocurrency, symbolizes this risk.
In 2022, Bitcoin’s volatility was stark. Its 30-day volatility reached 64.02% in June, driven by broader economic uncertainty and market downturns, compared to the S&P 500’s much lower volatility of 4.71% during the same period.
Over the course of the year, Bitcoin’s price swung from a peak of $47,835 to a low of $18,490, marking a substantial 61% decline from its highest point in 2022. Factors such as rising interest rates, geopolitical tensions, and major crypto market disruptions, like the TerraUSD collapse and Celsius’ liquidity crisis, played a pivotal role.
This extreme volatility reinforces the perception of cryptocurrencies as high-risk investments.
However, traditional stock markets, while typically more stable than crypto, can also experience sharp fluctuations, especially in times of economic stress. For instance, the CBOE Volatility Index (VIX), which measures expected near-term volatility in the U.S. stock market, dropped by 23% to 28.71 on June 30, 2022, far below the 82.69 peak recorded during the early COVID-19 market turbulence in March 2020. This shows that even stock markets, generally seen as safer, can experience moments of intense volatility, particularly during global crises.
Additionally, when compared to the "Magnificent Seven" (a group of top-performing and influential stocks) Bitcoin’s volatility doesn't stand out as unusual. In fact, over the past two years, Bitcoin has shown less volatility than Netflix (NFLX) stock.
On a 90-day timeframe, NFLX had an average realized volatility of 53%, while Bitcoin’s was slightly lower at 46%. The reality is that among all S&P 500 companies, Bitcoin has demonstrated lower annualized historical volatility than 33 of the 503 constituents.
In October 2023, Bitcoin was actually less volatile than 92 stocks in the S&P 500, based on 90-day realized historical volatility figures, including some large-cap and mega-cap companies.
Security
Security concerns are another major hurdle in building trust with cryptocurrencies. Cryptocurrency exchanges and wallets have been targeted by numerous high-profile hacks and frauds, raising doubts about the safety of digital assets. It comes as no surprise that a study from Morning Consult found that 67% of Americans believe having a secure and trustworthy platform is essential to entering the crypto market.
While security threats in the crypto space are well-documented, traditional banking systems are not immune to fraud either. Federal Trade Commission data reveals that consumer fraud losses in the traditional financial sector hit a record high of $10 billion in 2023, marking a 14% increase from the previous year.
Although traditional banks have more safeguards in place to protect consumers, they remain vulnerable to attacks, showing that security is a universal challenge across both crypto and traditional finance.
Prevention remains key, which in this case equates to using only reliable platforms or hardwallets.
Regulatory Uncertainty
Regulatory ambiguity continues to be a critical barrier for both cryptocurrency investors and businesses. The evolving landscape creates uncertainty about the future of digital assets.
Currently, cryptocurrency is legal in 119 countries and four British Overseas Territories, covering more than half of the world’s nations. Notably, 64.7% of these countries are emerging and developing economies, primarily in Asia and Africa.
However, only 62 of these 119 countries (52.1%) have comprehensive regulations in place. This represents significant growth from 2018, when only 33 jurisdictions had formal regulations, showing a 53.2% increase, but still falls short in creating a sense of “unified safety”.
In the United States, regulatory views remain fragmented. Various agencies, such as the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) and the Commodity Futures Trading Commission (CFTC), have conflicting perspectives on how to classify and regulate cryptocurrencies. Since 2019, the SEC has filed over 116 crypto-related lawsuits, adding to the regulatory uncertainty faced by the industry.
The Growing Integration Of Digital Assets In Daily Life
As we progress further into the digital age, cryptocurrencies and digital assets are increasingly becoming part of our everyday financial transactions. This shift is driven by two key developments: the rise of crypto payment options and the growing adoption of Central Bank Digital Currencies (CBDCs).
According to a MatrixPort report, global cryptocurrency adoption has now reached 7.51% of the population, underscoring the expanding influence of digital currencies worldwide. By 2025, this rate is expected to surpass 8%, signaling a potential shift from niche usage to mainstream acceptance.
The list of major retailers embracing cryptocurrency as a payment method continues to grow. Some notable companies now accepting crypto include:
- Microsoft: Accepts Bitcoin for Xbox store credits.
- AT&T: The first major U.S. mobile carrier to accept crypto payments.
- Whole Foods: Accepts Bitcoin via the Spedn app.
- Overstock: One of the first major retailers to accept Bitcoin.
- Starbucks: Allows customers to load their Starbucks cards with Bitcoin through the Bakkt app.
A 2022 Deloitte survey revealed that nearly 75% of retailers plan to accept either cryptocurrency or stablecoin payments within the next two years. This trend highlights the growing mainstream acceptance of digital assets as a legitimate payment method.
Crypto-backed debit cards are further bridging the gap between digital assets and everyday transactions. These cards enable users to spend their cryptocurrency at any merchant that accepts traditional debit cards.
According to Factual Market Research, the global crypto card market is projected to reach $9.5 billion by 2030, with a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of approximately 31.6% from 2021 to 2030. This growth reflects the increasing popularity of crypto-backed debit cards as a way for consumers to integrate their digital assets into daily spending.
The Rise of Central Bank Digital Currencies (CBDCs)
Central Bank Digital Currencies (CBDCs) represent digital versions of a country’s fiat currency, issued and regulated by the national monetary authority. In 2024, the global progress of CBDCs has seen a significant uptick, with marked advances in both research and adoption. As of this year:
- 11 countries have fully launched CBDCs, including the Bahamas, Nigeria, Jamaica, and China.
- 44 countries are conducting pilot programs, up from 36, reflecting growing interest in testing the functionality and stability of digital currencies.
- 66 nations are at advanced stages of CBDC development, contributing to a global landscape where 134 countries (accounting for 98% of the world’s economy) are engaged in CBDC projects.
In the United States, the Federal Reserve is exploring the feasibility of a CBDC through Project Hamilton, a collaborative research initiative with MIT. This exploration aligns with broader goals to reduce reliance on cash, enhance financial inclusion, and improve control over national monetary systems amid the rise of digital payments and cryptocurrencies.
The introduction of CBDCs could significantly reshape daily financial transactions in several ways:
- Increased financial inclusion: CBDCs could offer digital payment access to the 1.4 billion adults who remain unbanked, according to World Bank estimates.
- Faster and cheaper transactions: CBDCs could streamline both domestic and cross-border payments, reducing costs and settlement times.
- Enhanced monetary policy: Central banks would gain more direct control over money supply and circulation.
- Improved traceability: CBDCs could help combat financial crimes and reduce tax evasion by providing greater transaction transparency.
However, challenges persist, including concerns about privacy, cybersecurity risks, and the potential disruption of existing banking systems.
As digital assets continue to integrate into everyday life, they hold the potential to transform how we think about and use money. Despite these challenges, trends in both private cryptocurrency adoption and CBDC development point to a future where digital assets play a central role in our financial systems.
Building Trust Through Technology and Education
According to the 2023 Web3 UI/UX Report, nearly 48% of users cite security concerns and asset protection as the primary barriers to crypto adoption. Other challenges include high transaction fees and the steep learning curve needed to fully grasp both the technology and its benefits.
Despite these obstacles, the blockchain sector has made significant strides as it matures, particularly in enhancing security. Hack-related losses in the crypto market dropped from $3.7 billion in 2022 to $1.8 billion in 2023, underscoring the progress in safeguarding digital assets.
The increased adoption of offline hardware wallets and multi-signature wallets, both of which add critical layers of security, reflects this momentum. Advances in smart contract auditing tools and stronger compliance standards are also minimizing risks, creating a safer environment for both users and institutions.
These improvements highlight the industry’s commitment to establishing a more secure foundation for digital transactions and bolstering confidence in blockchain as a reliable financial technology.
In another positive development, in May 2023, the European Council approved the first comprehensive legal framework for the cryptocurrency industry. This legislation sets a new standard for regulatory transparency and oversight, further reinforcing trust.
Financial Literacy Initiatives
The rise of crypto education in the U.S. is playing a pivotal role in increasing public understanding and encouraging adoption. Programs such as Coinbase Earn aim to simplify the onboarding process for new users, directly addressing the complexity and security concerns that often deter people from engaging with crypto.
According to recent data, 43% of respondents feel that insufficient knowledge is a key reason they avoid the sector, highlighting the ongoing need for crypto-related learning.
Additionally, Chainalysis' 2024 Global Crypto Adoption Index noted a significant increase in crypto interest following the launch of spot Bitcoin ETFs in the U.S. earlier in the year. This development enabled investors to trade ETF shares tied to Bitcoin directly on stock exchanges, making it easier to enter the market without needing extensive technical expertise - thus driving a surge in adoption.
These advancements in security and education are gradually fostering greater trust in the cryptocurrency ecosystem. As the sector continues to evolve, these efforts may pave the way for broader adoption and deeper integration of digital assets into daily financial life.
The Future of Digital Asset Adoption
As digital assets continue to evolve and capture mainstream attention, their potential to transform the financial landscape is becoming increasingly evident. From late 2023 through early 2024, global crypto transaction volumes surged, surpassing the peaks of the 2021 bull market (as illustrated below).
Interestingly, much of this growth in adoption was driven by lower-middle income countries, highlighting the global reach of digital assets.
Below, we explore projections for cryptocurrency usage and its potential impact on traditional banking and finance.
Projections for Crypto Usage in the Next 5-10 Years
Several studies and reports offer insights into the expected growth of cryptocurrency over the next decade:
Global Adoption
The global cryptocurrency market revenue is projected to reach approximately $56.7 billion in 2024, with the United States leading the charge, expected to generate around $9.8 billion in revenue. Statista predicts the number of global crypto users will hit 861 million by 2025, marking a significant shift toward mainstream use.
Institutional Adoption
The 2023 Institutional Investor Digital Assets Study found that 65% of the 1,042 institutional investors surveyed plan to buy or invest in digital assets in the future.
As of 2024, digital currency usage among U.S. organisations is expanding, particularly in sectors such as finance, retail, and technology. Hundreds of financial services and fintech firms are now involved in digital assets, whether in payment processing, investments, or blockchain-based applications. This includes major companies utilising cryptocurrencies as stored value and exploring stablecoin use cases to enhance transaction efficiency.
Notably, major U.S. companies are increasingly engaging with blockchain and digital assets, as regulatory clarity improves and security concerns are addressed.
Retail Adoption
At present, about 85% of major retailers generating over $1 billion in annual online sales accept cryptocurrency payments. In contrast, 23% of mid-sized retailers, with online sales between $250 million and $1 billion, currently accept crypto payments. This growing trend points to an expanding role for digital assets in retail, especially among large-scale businesses.
Potential Impact on Traditional Banking and Finance
The rise of digital asset utilisation is poised to reshape traditional banking systems in multiple areas. For starters, the growth of blockchain technology and digitised financial services is driving the decentralised finance (DeFi) market, which is projected to reach $450 billion by 2030, with a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 46%.
In Q3 2024 alone, trading on decentralised exchanges surpassed $100 billion, marking the third consecutive month of growth in trading volume. This trend underscores the increasing interest and activity in the decentralised finance space.
As Central Bank Digital Currencies (CBDCs) are likely to be adopted by 80% of central banks by 2030, the role of commercial banks in money distribution could diminish significantly. Meanwhile, blockchain technology and stablecoins are expected to revolutionise cross-border B2B payments, with 20% of these transactions powered by blockchain by 2025. Stablecoin payment volumes are projected to hit $620 billion by 2026.
Furthermore, the investment landscape is set to evolve as asset tokenisation scales, potentially reaching a value of $16 trillion, making crypto a standard component in investment portfolios.
With regulatory clarity expected to improve - more than half of financial institutions anticipate clearer rules within the next three years - crypto integration is likely to become more widespread. These developments emphasise the transformative potential of digital assets across payments, investments, and financial structures globally.
Bridging the trust gap in crypto adoption
The cryptocurrency landscape is experiencing a surge in institutional interest, which could be a pivotal moment for integrating digital assets into traditional finance. Financial giants like BlackRock are at the forefront of this movement, signaling a shift in mainstream perception and adoption of cryptocurrencies.
Historically, the introduction of new investment vehicles around Bitcoin has spurred market growth. As Markus Thielen, founder of 10x Research, highlights, the launch of spot ETFs could bring about a new wave of institutional involvement, potentially driving the next phase of market expansion.
This growing institutional momentum, combined with evolving regulatory frameworks, is reshaping the crypto ecosystem. However, a key question remains: Will these developments be enough to close the trust gap and push cryptocurrencies into mainstream adoption?
As we stand at this crossroads, the future of digital assets hangs in the balance. The coming years will be critical in determining whether cryptocurrencies can overcome persistent skepticism and fully integrate into the global financial system, or if they will remain a niche, yet impactful, financial instrument.

Millennials and Gen Z are revolutionizing the financial landscape, leveraging cryptocurrencies to challenge traditional systems and redefine money itself. Curious about how this shift affects your financial future? Let's uncover the powerful changes they’re driving!
The financial world is undergoing a significant transformation, largely driven by Millennials and Gen Z. These digital-native generations are embracing cryptocurrencies at an unprecedented rate, challenging traditional financial systems and catalysing a shift toward new forms of digital finance, redefining how we perceive and interact with money.
This movement is not just a fleeting trend but a fundamental change that is redefining how we perceive and interact with money.
Digital Natives Leading the Way
Growing up in the digital age, Millennials (born 1981-1996) and Gen Z (born 1997-2012) are inherently comfortable with technology. This familiarity extends to their financial behaviours, with a noticeable inclination toward adopting innovative solutions like cryptocurrencies and blockchain technology.
According to the Grayscale Investments and Harris Poll Report which studied Americans, 44% agree that “crypto and blockchain technology are the future of finance.” Looking more closely at the demographics, Millenials and Gen Z’s expressed the highest levels of enthusiasm, underscoring the pivotal role younger generations play in driving cryptocurrency adoption.
Desire for Financial Empowerment and Inclusion
Economic challenges such as the 2008 financial crisis and the impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic have shaped these generations' perspectives on traditional finance. There's a growing scepticism toward conventional financial institutions and a desire for greater control over personal finances.
The Grayscale-Harris Poll found that 23% of those surveyed believe that cryptocurrencies are a long-term investment, up from 19% the previous year. The report also found that 41% of participants are currently paying more attention to Bitcoin and other crypto assets because of geopolitical tensions, inflation, and a weakening US dollar (up from 34%).
This sentiment fuels engagement with cryptocurrencies as viable investment assets and tools for financial empowerment.
Influence on Market Dynamics
The collective financial influence of Millennials and Gen Z is significant. Their active participation in cryptocurrency markets contributes to increased liquidity and shapes market trends. Social media platforms like Reddit, Twitter, and TikTok have become pivotal in disseminating information and investment strategies among these generations.
The rise of cryptocurrencies like Dogecoin and Shiba Inu demonstrates how younger investors leverage online communities to impact financial markets2. This phenomenon shows their ability to mobilise and drive market movements, challenging traditional investment paradigms.
Embracing Innovation and Technological Advancement
Cryptocurrencies represent more than just investment opportunities; they embody technological innovation that resonates with Millennials and Gen Z. Blockchain technology and digital assets are areas where these generations are not only users but also contributors.
A 2021 survey by Pew Research Center indicated that 31% of Americans aged 18-29 have invested in, traded, or used cryptocurrency, compared to just 8% of those aged 50-64. This significant disparity highlights the generational embrace of digital assets and the technologies underpinning them.
Impact on Traditional Financial Institutions
The shift toward cryptocurrencies is prompting traditional financial institutions to adapt. Banks, investment firms, and payment platforms are increasingly integrating crypto services to meet the evolving demands of younger clients.
Companies like PayPal and Square have expanded their cryptocurrency offerings, allowing users to buy, hold, and sell cryptocurrencies directly from their platforms. These developments signify the financial industry's recognition of the growing importance of cryptocurrencies.
Challenges and Considerations
While enthusiasm is high, challenges such as regulatory uncertainties, security concerns, and market volatility remain. However, Millennials and Gen Z appear willing to navigate these risks, drawn by the potential rewards and alignment with their values of innovation and financial autonomy.
In summary
Millennials and Gen Z are redefining the financial landscape, with their embrace of cryptocurrencies serving as a catalyst for broader change. This isn't just about alternative investments; it's a shift in how younger generations view financial systems and their place within them. Their drive for autonomy, transparency, and technological integration is pushing traditional institutions to innovate rapidly.
This generational influence extends beyond personal finance, potentially reshaping global economic structures. For industry players, from established banks to fintech startups, adapting to these changing preferences isn't just advantageous—it's essential for long-term viability.
As cryptocurrencies and blockchain technology mature, we're likely to see further transformations in how society interacts with money. Those who can navigate this evolving landscape, balancing innovation with stability, will be well-positioned for the future of finance. It's a complex shift, but one that offers exciting possibilities for a more inclusive and technologically advanced financial ecosystem. The financial world is changing, and it's the young guns who are calling the shots.

You might have heard of the "Travel Rule" before, but do you know what it actually mean? Let us dive into it for you.
What is the "Travel Rule"?
You might have heard of the "Travel Rule" before, but do you know what it actually mean? Well, let me break it down for you. The Travel Rule, also known as FATF Recommendation 16, is a set of measures aimed at combating money laundering and terrorism financing through financial transactions.
So, why is it called the Travel Rule? It's because the personal data of the transacting parties "travels" with the transfers, making it easier for authorities to monitor and regulate these transactions. See, now it all makes sense!
The Travel Rule applies to financial institutions engaged in virtual asset transfers and crypto companies, collectively referred to as virtual asset service providers (VASPs). These VASPs have to obtain and share "required and accurate originator information and required beneficiary information" with counterparty VASPs or financial institutions during or before the transaction.
To make things more practical, the FATF recommends that countries adopt a de minimis threshold of 1,000 USD/EUR for virtual asset transfers. This means that transactions below this threshold would have fewer requirements compared to those exceeding it.
For transfers of Virtual Assets falling below the de minimis threshold, Virtual Asset Service Providers (VASPs) are required to gather:
- The identities of the sender (originator) and receiver (beneficiary).
- Either the wallet address associated with each transaction involving Virtual Assets (VAs) or a unique reference number assigned to the transaction.
- Verification of this gathered data is not obligatory, unless any suspicious circumstances concerning money laundering or terrorism financing arise. In such instances, it becomes essential to verify customer information.
Conversely, for transfers surpassing the de minimis threshold, VASPs are obligated to collect more extensive particulars, encompassing:
- Full name of the sender (originator).
- The account number employed by the sender (originator) for processing the transaction, such as a wallet address.
- The physical (geographical) address of the sender (originator), national identity number, a customer identification number that uniquely distinguishes the sender to the ordering institution, or details like date and place of birth.
- Name of the receiver (beneficiary).
- Account number of the receiver (beneficiary) utilized for transaction processing, similar to a wallet address.
By following these guidelines, virtual asset service providers can contribute to a safer and more transparent virtual asset ecosystem while complying with international regulations on anti-money laundering and countering the financing of terrorism. It's all about ensuring the integrity of financial transactions and safeguarding against illicit activities.
Implementation of the Travel Rule in the United Kingdom
A notable shift is anticipated in the United Kingdom's oversight of the virtual asset sector, commencing September 1, 2023.
This seminal development comes in the form of the Travel Rule, which falls under Part 7A of the Money Laundering Regulations 2017. Designed to combat money laundering and terrorist financing within the virtual asset industry, this new regulation expands the information-sharing requirements for wire transfers to encompass virtual asset transfers.
The HM Treasury of the UK has meticulously customized the provisions of the revised Wire Transfer Regulations to cater to the unique demands of the virtual asset sector. This underscores the government's unwavering commitment to fostering a secure and transparent financial ecosystem. Concurrently, it signals their resolve to enable the virtual asset industry to flourish.
The Travel Rule itself originates from the updated version of the Financial Action Task Force's recommendation on information-sharing requirements for wire transfers. By extending these recommendations to cover virtual asset transfers, the UK aspires to significantly mitigate the risk of illicit activities within the sector.
Undoubtedly, the Travel Rule heralds a landmark stride forward in regulating the virtual asset industry in the UK. By extending the ambit of information-sharing requirements and fortifying oversight over virtual asset firms
Implementation of the Travel Rule in the European Union
Prepare yourself, as a new regulation called the Travel Rule is set to be introduced in the world of virtual assets within the European Union. Effective from December 30, 2024, this rule will take effect precisely 18 months after the initial enforcement of the Transfer of Funds Regulation.
Let's delve into the details of the Travel Rule. When it comes to information requirements, there will be no distinction made between cross-border transfers and transfers within the EU. The revised Transfer of Funds regulation recognizes all virtual asset transfers as cross-border, acknowledging the borderless nature and global reach of such transactions and services.
Now, let's discuss compliance obligations. To ensure adherence to these regulations, European Crypto Asset Service Providers (CASPs) must comply with certain measures. For transactions exceeding 1,000 EUR with self-hosted wallets, CASPs are obligated to collect crucial originator and beneficiary information. Additionally, CASPs are required to fulfill additional wallet verification obligations.
The implementation of these measures within the European Union aims to enhance transparency and mitigate potential risks associated with virtual asset transfers. For individuals involved in this domain, it is of utmost importance to stay informed and adhere to these new guidelines in order to ensure compliance.
What does the travel rules means to me as user?
As a user in the virtual asset industry, the implementation of the Travel Rule brings some significant changes that are designed to enhance the security and transparency of financial transactions. This means that when you engage in virtual asset transfers, certain personal information will now be shared between the involved parties. While this might sound intrusive at first, it plays a crucial role in combating fraud, money laundering, and terrorist financing.
The Travel Rule aims to create a safer environment for individuals like you by reducing the risks associated with illicit activities. This means that you can have greater confidence in the legitimacy of the virtual asset transactions you engage in. The regulation aims to weed out illicit activities and promote a level playing field for legitimate users. This fosters trust and confidence among users, attracting more participants and further driving the growth and development of the industry.
However, it's important to note that complying with this rule may require you to provide additional information to virtual asset service providers. Your privacy and the protection of your personal data remain paramount, and service providers are bound by strict regulations to ensure the security of your information.
In summary, the Travel Rule is a positive development for digital asset users like yourself, as it contributes to a more secure and trustworthy virtual asset industry.
Unlocking Compliance and Seamless Experiences: Tap's Proactive Approach to Upcoming Regulations
Tap is fully committed to upholding regulatory compliance, while also prioritizing a seamless and enjoyable customer experience. In order to achieve this delicate balance, Tap has proactively sought out partnerships with trusted solution providers and is actively engaged in industry working groups. By collaborating with experts in the field, Tap ensures it remains on the cutting edge of best practices and innovative solutions.
These efforts not only demonstrate Tap's dedication to compliance, but also contribute to creating a secure and transparent environment for its users. By staying ahead of the curve, Tap can foster trust and confidence in the cryptocurrency ecosystem, reassuring customers that their financial transactions are safe and protected.
But Tap's commitment to compliance doesn't mean sacrificing user experience. On the contrary, Tap understands the importance of providing a seamless journey for its customers. This means that while regulatory requirements may be changing, Tap is working diligently to ensure that users can continue to enjoy a smooth and hassle-free experience.
By combining a proactive approach to compliance with a determination to maintain user satisfaction, Tap is setting itself apart as a trusted leader in the financial technology industry. So rest assured, as Tap evolves in response to new regulations, your experience as a customer will remain top-notch and worry-free.
Unveiling the future of money: Explore the game-changing Central Bank Digital Currencies and their potential impact on finance.
Since the debut of Bitcoin in 2009, central banks have been living in fear of the disruptive technology that is cryptocurrency. Distributed ledger technology has revolutionized the digital world and has continued to challenge the corruption of central bank morals.
Financial institutions can’t beat or control cryptocurrency, so they are joining them in creating digital currencies. Governments have now been embracing digital currencies in the form of CBDCs, otherwise known as central bank digital currencies.
Central bank digital currencies are digital tokens, similar to cryptocurrency, issued by a central bank. They are pegged to the value of that country's fiat currency, acting as a digital currency version of the national currency. CBDCs are created and regulated by a country's central bank and monetary authorities.
A central bank digital currency is generally created for a sense of financial inclusion and to improve the application of monetary and fiscal policy. Central banks adopting currency in digital form presents great benefits for the federal reserve system as well as citizens, but there are some cons lurking behind the central bank digital currency facade.
Types of central bank digital currencies
While the concept of a central bank digital currency is quite easy to understand, there are layers to central bank money in its digital form. Before we take a deep dive into the possibilities presented by the central banks and their digital money, we will break down the different types of central bank digital currencies.
Wholesale CBDCs
Wholesale central bank digital currencies are targeted at financial institutions, whereby reserve balances are held within a central bank. This integration assists the financial system and institutions in improving payment systems and security payment efficiency.
This is much simpler than rolling out a central bank digital currency to the whole country but provides support for large businesses when they want to transfer money. These digital payments would also act as a digital ledger and aid in the avoidance of money laundering.
Retail CBDCs
A retail central bank digital currency refers to government-backed digital assets used between businesses and customers. This type of central bank digital currency is aimed at traditional currency, acting as a digital version of physical currency. These digital assets would allow retail payment systems, direct P2P CBDC transactions, as well as international settlements among businesses. It would be similar to having a bank account, where you could digitally transfer money through commercial banks, except the currency would be in the form of a digital yuan or euro, rather than the federal reserve of currency held by central banks.
Pros and cons of a central bank digital currency (CBDC)
Central banks are looking for ways to keep their money in the country, as opposed to it being spent on buying cryptocurrencies, thus losing it to a global market. As digital currencies become more popular, each central bank must decide whether they want to fight it or profit from the potential. Regardless of adoption, central banks creating their own digital currencies comes with benefits and disadvantages to users that you need to know.
Pros of central bank digital currency (CBDC)
- Cross border payments
- Track money laundering activity
- Secure international monetary fund
- Reduces risk of commercial bank collapse
- Cheaper
- More secure
- Promotes financial inclusion
Cons of central bank digital currency (CDBC)
- Central banks have complete control
- No anonymity of digital currency transfers
- Cybersecurity issues
- Price reliant on fiat currency equivalent
- Physical money may be eliminated
- Ban of distributed ledger technology and cryptocurrency
Central bank digital currency conclusion
Central bank money in an electronic form has been a big debate in the blockchain technology space, with so many countries considering the possibility. The European Central Bank, as well as other central banks, have been considering the possibility of central bank digital currencies as a means of improving the financial system. The Chinese government is in the midst of testing out their e-CNY, which some are calling the digital yuan. They have seen great success so far, but only after completely banning Bitcoin trading.
There is a lot of good that can come from CBDCs, but the benefits are mostly for the federal reserve system and central banks. Bank-account holders and citizens may have their privacy compromised and their investment options limited if the world adopts CBDCs.
It's important to remember that central bank digital currencies are not cryptocurrencies. They do not compete with cryptocurrencies and the benefits of blockchain technology. Their limited use cases can only be applied when reinforced by a financial system authority. Only time will tell if CBDCs will succeed, but right now you can appreciate the advantages brought to you by crypto.
Tap makes entering the Bitcoin world simple. Buy, sell, hold, and trade Bitcoin easily on our secure platform.
Welcome to this week's Crypto Update, your go-to destination for the latest news in the exciting world of cryptocurrencies. Let's dive right into the highlights of the past week in the dynamic crypto market.
Etherscan's AI Tool for Smart Contracts:
Etherscan has launched Code Reader, an advanced tool that utilizes AI to retrieve and interpret source code from specific Ethereum contract addresses. Code Reader leverages OpenAI's powerful language model to generate comprehensive insights into contract source code files. The tool allows users to gain a deeper understanding of contract code, access comprehensive lists of smart contract functions, and explore contract interactions with decentralized applications. To access and utilize Code Reader, users need a valid OpenAI API Key and sufficient OpenAI usage limits. However, researchers caution about the challenges posed by current AI models, including computing power limitations, data synchronization, network optimization, and privacy concerns.
SEC's increased scrutiny on cryptocurrencies sparks debate:
The U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission's (SEC) increased scrutiny has led to a prominent debate concerning the future of XRP and Ethereum. Max Keiser, a well-known Bitcoin advocate, predicts the downfall of XRP and Ethereum due to regulatory overreach. In contrast, John Deaton, representing XRP holders, opposes this view, arguing for a more balanced regulatory approach. The cryptocurrency community is now anxiously awaiting regulatory clarity, as the SEC's actions remain unpredictable.
It's important to note that the regulatory environment is constantly evolving and can have significant impacts on the cryptocurrency market, including Ethereum. Therefore, it is advisable to stay informed about the latest developments.
A Call for Clarity: Federal reserve governor advocates for clearer crypto regulations:
Michelle Bowman, a Federal Reserve Governor, has urged global regulators to establish clearer regulations for emerging banking activities, particularly banking as a service and digital assets. She emphasized the need for a well-defined regulatory framework to address the supervisory void and uncertainties that financial institutions currently face. Bowman's call aligns with the growing demand for enhanced regulation of digital assets. A robust and comprehensive regulatory framework is crucial for ensuring the stability and integrity of the banking sector, mitigating risks, protecting consumers, and fostering innovation.
Turkish lira hit a record low against the US dollar
The Turkish lira hit a historic low, trading at 25.74 per US dollar, following Turkey's central bank decision to raise interest rates by 650 basis points to 15%. While the hike was expected, it fell short of the anticipated 21%, and analysts believe a larger increase was needed to show the government's resolve to fight inflation. The lira's devaluation has been part of a larger trend, prompting citizens to invest in alternative assets like digital currencies and gold. The central bank, now under new leadership, has adopted a more gradual approach to rate adjustments, seeking to stabilize the economy. However, the uncertainty surrounding Turkey's economic future persists.
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The lessons learned from FTX's downfall: understanding the implications of crypto regulations and why they are more important than ever.
The recent fall of FTX comes with devastating consequences to many, cooling the conditions of an already chilly crypto winter. While the loss of consumer funds and the drop in crypto prices across the board are detrimental to many in the new-age financial system and it’s anticipation of regulators’ reactions that are adding to the hysteria.
After taking a deep dive into exactly what happened at FTX, we take a look at the response from regulators and what this is likely to mean for the greater crypto industry.
The FTX death spiral and its effects on the crypto financial system
The history
To understand the full demise of FTX, one needs to understand its history. In 2019, when FTX launched, Binance was a prominent investor and partner. CEOs, Sam Bankman-Fried (FTX) and Changpeng Zhao (Binance) had a mutually beneficial strategic partnership and amicable relationship.
This soured as FTX grew in size and they became the two top centralized entities in the crypto ecosystem, and ultimately largest competitors. Just last year, both exchanges accounted for roughly 30% of trading volume on crypto exchanges, accounting for over $27.5 trillion.
The breakup
In 2021, things reached a pinnacle point in their relationship and FTX bought Binance out of the partnership, paying $2.1 billion, much of that with FTT, the platform’s native token. Fast forward to November 2022 and Changpeng Zhao (CZ) tweeted that he would be liquidating the FTT crypto assets as a result of Sam Bankman-Fried speaking ill of Binance to regulators and other “recent revelations”.
The allegations
It is believed these revelations were that FTX’s sister trading company, Alameda Research, was in financial trouble, an allegation made by Coindesk and Mike Burgersburg, the man who accurately predicted the Celsius crash. At this point, we should mention that Alameda and FTX’s combined FTT holdings account for 75% of the entire supply.
With Binance announcing that they were going to sell their crypto assets, accounting for 7.4% of the entire FTT supply, shockwaves were sent through the industry.
The consequences
In a matter of hours, the FTT price dropped 83%, trading at $18.72 before dropping to $3.14. In a desperate attempt to stabilize the market, Alameda offered to buy Binance’s FTT supply, to no avail.
At the same time, investors rushed to pull their funds from the exchange, estimated to be roughly $6 billion worth of net withdrawals. In light of the recent Terra LUNA crash and subsequent demise of Celsius and Voyager, investors were taking no risks.
The next twist in this unfortunate story is that FTX froze all withdrawals on the platform and announced that it was going into a “strategic transaction” with Binance, with Binance set to buy its biggest competitor. The acquisition was rumored to be worth $1.
This all came crashing down several hours later when CZ announced to his Twitter following that after reviewing the books they would no longer be moving forward with this plan.
Within 24 hours, the broader crypto assets market started to feel the effects. Bitcoin was down 16%, Ethereum down 24% and Solana, widely backed by Sam Bankman-Fried, down 43%.
On November 10, Sam Bankman-Fried announced that Alameda Research would be “winding down trading” and issued an apology to his Twitter following. FTX is in the process of sourcing funding for liquidity purposes, with the platform estimated to need around $10 billion in order to honor customers' crypto assets withdrawal requests.
What was really going on at FTX?
This story boils down to CZ tweeting that he would sell his FTT in light of allegations, which created mass FUD and subsequently led to the demise of its biggest competitor. How did a company, considered a heavyweight in the financial markets, worth $30 billion a few months prior and making 8 figures in revenue a day suddenly become insolvent?
Industry insiders believe that the relationship between FTX and Alameda was a bit more reprehensible than it appeared on the surface. Based on leaked insights into Alameda’s financials, it is speculated that Alameda used a significant portion of its FTT holdings as collateral to borrow funds from FTX (these funds being customer funds).
While illegal, this also poses a high risk that could see the collapse of both platforms, and consumer funds along with them. If this is proven to be true, jail time could ensue.
In an internal email circulated to the Binance team, CZ stated that this was not part of a greater plan, nor is it a win for Binance as the greater crypto economy will be affected. From investor trust to crypto prices dropping to the hawk-eyed regulators eagerly watching from the sidelines, the demise of FTX is in no one’s favor.
Ultimately, the same catalyst that saw the fall of Celsius has been observed here, FTX used its own token as collateral. Let this be a warning sign for any future trading platforms, and a prominent note for those working on crypto regulation.
What this means for the regulation of crypto exchanges
Before any regulators could even whisper a word, big platforms like Binance, KuCoin, OKX and more are believed to be in plans to implement Proof of Reserves accountability. This involves an independent audit of funds by a third party, made available to the public.
The Commodity Futures Trading Commission (CFTC), Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) and the Department of Justice (DOJ), three of the biggest financial regulators in the U.S. have begun (or are continuing, in some cases) investigations into FTX. It is believed that the Texas Securities Board started investigating the exchange and CEO in October.
In the wake of the aftermath, the White House is also calling for stronger crypto oversights and Californian regulators have announced that they are launching an investigation into FTX, asking customers affected by the virtual currency calamity to come forward.
Insiders are faulting U.S. regulators for not having more clear guidelines in place, saying that their “stringent-yet-unclear” frameworks have driven big exchanges overseas where there is even less of a regulatory landscape and taxes often go unpaid. With the proper legal framework in place, perhaps situations like these could be avoided, and instead of fleeing, people would trust in U.S. regulatory standards.
Regulators need to find a balance between creating and implementing legal frameworks that both support the innovation and development of the crypto space but at the same time keep avaricious CEOs in line and all centralized operations above board.
Regulations put in place to hinder money laundering have been successful, with little consequence to the trader. There is no reason why regulations implemented to stop such happenings in the crypto world could not have the same success.
The latest crisis in the cryptocurrency space is likely to push regulators to amplify their work on building legal frameworks for platforms managing digital assets to adhere to, not just in the U.S., but globally.
What this means for crypto assets and the crypto industry
While Bitcoin, Ethereum, Solana and most other cryptocurrencies are recovering from lows of yesterday, there is a somber feeling in the crypto space knowing that to the week a year ago Bitcoin and Ethereum reached their current all-time highs.
Crypto trading is known to have its risks, and the responsibility to stay within the green lines falls on the individual trader. While many investors embrace the “hodl” approach (hold the investment for long periods of time), it is of the utmost importance to stay in the know about what is happening in the market and to thoroughly, very thoroughly vet the coin they are looking to invest in.
Another, perhaps most important, precaution to take is to work only with crypto platforms that are regulated by government-endorsed financial bodies. Just because you are working with decentralized digital currencies doesn’t mean that you should throw caution to the wind and leave your funds unprotected.
Taking this very seriously, Tap is licensed and regulated by the Gibraltar Financial Services Commission and insures all funds through a reputable crypto insurance service. Rest assured that we are constantly being regulated, sticking to the stringent guidelines laid out before us, and protecting our consumers’ funds at all times.

2022 was a rollercoaster for crypto investors. Explore the reasons behind the crashes of Terra and Celsius and what the future holds.
There is seldom a dull moment in the cryptosphere. In a matter of weeks, crypto winters can turn into bull runs, high-profile celebrities can send the price of a cryptocurrency to an all-time high and big networks can go from hero to bankruptcy. While we await the next bull run, let’s dissect some of the bigger moments of this year so far.
In a matter of weeks, we saw two major cryptocurrencies drop significantly in value and later declare themselves bankrupt. Not only did these companies lose millions, but millions of investors lost immense amounts of money.
As some media sources use these stories as an opportunity to spread FUD (fear, uncertainty and doubt) about the crypto industry, in this article we’ll look at what affected these particular networks. This is not the “norm” when it comes to investing in digital assets, these are cases of not doing enough thorough research.
The Downfall of Terra
Terra is a blockchain platform that offered several cryptocurrencies (mostly stablecoins), most notably the stablecoin TerraUST (UST) and Terra (LUNA). LUNA tokens played an integral role in maintaining the price of the algorithmic stablecoins, incentivizing trading between LUNA and stablecoins should they need to increase or decrease a stablecoin's supply.
In December 2021, following a token burn, LUNA entered the top 10 biggest cryptocurrencies by market cap trading at $75. LUNA’s success was tied to that of UST. In April, UST overtook Binance USD to become the third-largest stablecoin in the cryptocurrency market. The Anchor protocol of the Terra ecosystem, which offers returns as high as 20% APY, aided UST's rise.
In May of 2022, UST unpegged from its $1 position, sending LUNA into a tailspin losing 99.9% of its value in a matter of days. The coin’s market cap dipped from $41b to $6.6m. The demise of the platform led to $60 billion of investors’ money going down the drain. So, what went wrong?
After a large sell-off of UST in early May, the stablecoin began to depeg. This caused a further mass sell-off of the algorithmic cryptocurrency causing mass amounts of LUNA to be minted to maintain its price equilibrium. This sent LUNA's circulating supply sky-rocketing, in turn crashing the price of the once top ten coin. The circulating supply of LUNA went from around 345 million to 3.47 billion in a matter of days.
As investors scrambled to try to liquidate their assets, the damage was already done. The Luna Foundation Guard (LFG) had been acquiring large quantities of Bitcoin as a safeguard against the UST stablecoin unpegging, however, this did not prove to help as the network's tokens had already entered what's known as a "death spiral".
The LFG and Do Kwon reported bought $3 billion worth of Bitcoin and stored it in reserves should they need to use them for an unpegging. When the time came they claimed to have sold around 80,000 BTC, causing havoc on the rest of the market. Following these actions, the Bitcoin price dipped below $30,000, and continued to do so.
After losing nearly 100% of its value, the Terra blockchain halted services and went into overdrive to try and rectify the situation. As large exchanges started delisting both coins one by one, Terra’s founder Do Kwon released a recovery plan. While this had an effect on the coin’s price, rising to $4.46, it soon ran its course sending LUNA’s price below $1 again.
In a final attempt to rectify the situation, Do Kwon alongside co-founder Daniel Shin hard forked the Terra blockchain to create a new version, renaming the original blockchain Terra Classic. The platform then released a new coin, Luna 2.0, while the original LUNA coin was renamed LUNC.
Reviewing the situation in hindsight, a Web3 investor and venture partner at Farmer Fund, Stuti Pandey said, “What the Luna ecosystem did was they had a very aggressive and optimistic monetary policy that pretty much worked when markets were going very well, but they had a very weak monetary policy for when we encounter bear markets.”
Then Celsius Froze Over
In mid-June 2022, Celsius, a blockchain-based platform that specializes in crypto loans and borrowing, halted all withdrawals citing “extreme market conditions”. Following a month of turmoil, Celsius officially announced that it had filed for Chapter 11 bankruptcy in July.
Just a year earlier, in June 2021, the platform’s native token CEL had reached its all-time high of $8.02 with a market cap of $1.9 billion. Following the platform’s upheaval, at the time of writing CEL was trading at $1.18 with a market cap of $281 million.
According to court filings, when the platform filed for bankruptcy it was $1.2 billion in the red with $5.5 billion in liabilities, of which $4.7 billion is customer holdings. A far cry from its reign as one of the most successful DeFi (decentralized finance) platforms. What led to this demise?
Last year, the platform faced its first minor bump in the road when the US states of Texas, Alabama and New Jersey took legal action against the company for allegedly selling unregistered securities to users.
Then, in April 2022, following pressure from regulators, Celsius also stopped providing interest-bearing accounts to non-accredited investors. While against the nature of DeFi, the company was left with little choice.
Things then hit the fan in May of this year. The collapse of LUNA and UST caused significant damage to investor confidence across the entire cryptocurrency market. This is believed to have accelerated the start of a "crypto winter" and led to an industry-wide sell-off that produced a bank-run-style series of withdrawals by Celsius users. In bankruptcy documents, Celsius attributes its liquidity problems to the "domino effect" of LUNA's failure.
According to the company, Celsius had 1.7 million users and $11.7 billion worth of assets under management (AUM) and had made over $8 billion in loans alongside its very high APY (annual percentage yields) of 17%.
These loans, however, came to a grinding halt when the platform froze all its clients' assets and announced a company-wide freeze on withdrawals in early June.
Celsius released a statement stating: “Due to extreme market conditions, today we are announcing that Celsius is pausing all withdrawals, Swap, and transfers between accounts. We are taking this necessary action for the benefit of our entire community to stabilize liquidity and operations while we take steps to preserve and protect assets.”
Two weeks later the platform hired restructuring expert Alvarez & Marsal to assist with alleviating the damage caused by June’s uncertainty and the mounting liquidity issues.
As of mid-July, after paying off several loans, Celsius filed for Chapter 11 bankruptcy protection in the U.S. Bankruptcy Court for the Southern District of New York.
Final Thoughts
The biggest takeaway from these examples above it to always do your own research when it comes to investing in cryptocurrency or cryptocurrency platforms. Never chase “get-rich-quick” schemes, instead do your due diligence and read the fine print. If a platform is offering 20% APY, be sure to get to the bottom of how they intend to provide this. If there’s no transparency, there should be no investment.
The cryptocurrency market has been faced with copious amounts of stressors in recent months, from the demise of these networks mentioned above (alongside others like Voyager and Three Anchor Capital) to a market-wide liquidity crunch, to the recent inflation rate increases around the globe. Not to mention the fearful anticipation of regulatory changes.
If there’s one thing we know about cryptocurrencies it’s that the market as a whole is incredibly resilient. In recent weeks, prices of top cryptocurrencies like Bitcoin and Ethereum have slowly started to increase, causing speculation that we might finally be making our way out of the crypto winter. While this won’t be an overnight endeavour, the sentiment in the market remains hopeful.
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In the complex world of economics, recessions are a common concern, and knowing what they are matters. But what exactly is a recession, and why is it important to understand? A recession is a significant economic downturn that affects individuals, businesses, and entire nations. It's more than a financial term; it's a real-life event that can impact us all.
In a world where economic stability matters to us all, this knowledge is essential. In this article, we'll explain what a recession is and why it's important for everyone, whether you're an economist or just someone trying to navigate the modern world. Let's unpack what a recession is and explore why it matters.
The economic aspects of a recession
To grasp the significance of a recession, let's take a look at its economic aspects. We'll begin by looking at key economic indicators, like Gross Domestic Product (GDP).
GDP is like an economic health check. It measures the total value of goods and services produced in a country. When GDP shrinks, it's often a sign of a looming recession. By monitoring GDP, economists gain a better understanding of economic ups and downs.
Economic growth, measured by GDP, plays a vital role in preventing recessions. It creates jobs, helps businesses grow, and boosts consumer confidence. It goes without saying that a strong economy is better at handling tough times.
How recessions affect businesses and industries
When a recession hits, it affects businesses and industries in various ways:
Decreased consumer spending
In a recession, people usually cut back on non-essential spending. This hurts businesses that rely on such purchases.
Decline in production and sales
Less spending leads to less production and fewer sales. Businesses may end up with too much inventory and unused equipment.
Job losses and unemployment
Businesses struggling in a recession often have to lay off workers. This leads to more people without jobs, which is tough for families and communities.
Bankruptcies and closures
Some businesses can't survive a recession's pressures and go bankrupt or close. This can affect entire industries.
The COVID-19 pandemic showed how a global recession can be triggered. Lockdowns, travel restrictions, and supply chain problems disrupted businesses worldwide, requiring governments to step in and help.
Identifying the causes and indicators of a recession
By understanding these causes and economic indicators, people and policymakers can take timely action to prevent or deal with recessions and highlight the value of informed decision-making in our connected global economy.
Causes of a recession
Recessions are not random occurrences, they often stem from a combination of economic factors, financial market fluctuations, and global events. By understanding these causes, people are often better able to anticipate a looming recession and mitigate its effects.
First and foremost, recessions often have roots in economic imbalances, such as excessive debt, inflationary pressures, or overproduction. When these imbalances become unsustainable, they can trigger a recession.
On that note, the health of financial markets and the housing sector is closely tied to the overall economy. The bursting of housing bubbles and disruptions in financial markets, like banking crises, can set the stage for economic downturns.
And lastly, events like geopolitical conflicts, natural disasters, or global health crises, as witnessed during the COVID-19 pandemic, can have ripple effects that lead to recessions. After all, the global economy is interconnected.
Economic indicators that signal a recession
Economic indicators act as early warning signals, helping us identify the onset of a recession. These act as data points that provide insights into the state of an economy and serve as barometers for assessing economic health.
Below are several examples of key indicators:
Yield curve inversion
This occurs when short-term interest rates surpass long-term rates, often signalling an impending recession.
Unemployment rate
A rising unemployment rate can indicate economic distress as businesses cut jobs in response to slowing growth.
Consumer confidence index
A drop in consumer confidence can foreshadow reduced spending, which can lead to economic contraction.
Stock market performance
Plummeting stock market indices can signal investor pessimism about future economic prospects.
Recessions vs depressions
We’ve all heard of The Great Depression in the 1930s, but was this a recession or a depression?
A depression is a severe and long-lasting economic downturn. It's marked by extensive declines in various economic sectors, often lasting for years or even decades. Much like recessions, depressions bring widespread unemployment, significant drops in consumer spending and business investments, and a massive decrease in GDP.
However, they differ in a number of ways, namely the magnitude and duration, the impact it has on business, jobs, and the GDP, and, typically, how the government responds.
The key difference between a recession and a depression is how bad and how long they last. Recessions are shorter and less severe, typically lasting a few months to a couple of years. Depressions, on the other hand, are much more extreme and can drag on for years or even a decade or more.
Depressions also hit businesses, jobs, and GDP much harder than recessions. In a depression, businesses struggle to survive, unemployment soars and GDP takes a nosedive to historic lows. While recessions hurt, their effects are usually less severe.
Governments respond differently to recessions and depressions. Depressions often lead to major government intervention, including big stimulus packages, bank rescues, and public projects to kickstart the economy. Recessions may also prompt government action, but it's usually not as extensive or urgent.
How to prepare for a recession
Unfortunately, recessions form an integral part of economic cycles and are inevitable. Fortunately, there are some steps individuals can take to better buffer themselves against the harsh effects of an impending recession.
Here are two of the most important steps:
Build an emergency fund
Start by creating a sturdy emergency fund. This fund should cover at least three to six months' worth of living expenses and acts as a safety net in case of unexpected job loss or financial crises.
Minimize debt
Simplify your finances by reducing debt and cutting non-essential expenses. Clearing high-interest debts and trimming unnecessary spending can free up resources to tackle more essential needs.
Securing income and job stability becomes equally important as the economy faces uncertainty. Here are several strategies to ensure you maintain job security.
Upskilling
Invest in your skills and stay adaptable to changing job demands. Continuous learning and gaining skills in demand boost your employability and resilience in a shifting job market.
Networking
Cultivate a robust professional network. It can provide job leads, referrals, and opportunities when times are uncertain. Networking increases your chances of finding new employment or additional income sources.
Diversifying sources of income
Explore multiple income streams beyond your primary job. Consider part-time work, freelance opportunities, or passive income ventures. These can help soften the blow of a recession.
In an unpredictable economic world, these steps give individuals and households financial preparedness and adaptable income strategies and can provide a sense of security and resilience in tough economic times.
Closing thoughts
Understanding recessions, its indicators, and its real-world impact is essential. Key points include recognising economic aspects like GDP and understanding how recessions affect businesses.
Identifying causes and signals empowers proactive responses while distinguishing recessions from depressions clarifies their severity and the need for government intervention. Practical steps, like building emergency funds and upskilling, boost resilience. In an uncertain economic world, knowledge and preparedness are our reliable allies for navigating recessions successfully.

Did you know that there are 6 unique money personalities, with each one playing a heavy role in your ability to handle and manage money? In this article we’re taking a look at each one, helping you not only identify which category you fall into but also recognize where you can improve your money management practices.
What is a financial personality and how does it affect money management?
A financial personality looks at the big picture of how you handle your money. From how you think about money, the views that guide your actions, and the actions that stem from your beliefs. It's not just about how much money you have; it's also about how effectively you handle the money that comes into your life.
Money management is a learned skill so don't feel disheartened if this doesn't come naturally to you. Sure starting early influences financial habits, but that doesn't mean that these skills can't be learned over time.
These financial personalities are built around a set of traits and characteristics that shape a particular style of money management. They're designed to help us become more aware of our behavior, keep our personalities in check when red flags trigger a knee-jerk reaction and assist us in achieving a healthier financial future.
These personalities coincide with the five main personality traits that are often used when reviewing someone's financial status: conscientiousness, neuroticism, extraversion, agreeableness, and openness to experience. Used by researchers, these traits help to shape how one might handle money.
Each top 6 financial personality reflects traits of the following
The six types of financial personality are based on your personal financial habits and include The Saver, The Spender, The Investor, The Dreamer, The Optimist, and The Pessimist. Each financial personality speaks volumes about how one views and acts with money.
1. The Saver
If you're a saver, you've already established yourself as someone who is good at saving money. You have a natural ability to save money and concentrate on long-term objectives. You know exactly how much money you want to save each month, and you stick to your plan even when tempted away from it.
You are practical with your savings as a saver. One of the things you might have done is to make direct debits from your bank account to a savings account or wealth management solution.
2. The Spender
Spenders are impulsive and rash. They're not great at handling money, either. They don't save well, invest, or budget. They're more interested in ways to generate income versus growth. You're likely a spender if you struggle with these financial decisions.
Spenders are focused on short-term pleasures and luxury items. They find it difficult to save since they're so concentrated on pleasuring themselves right now.
3. The Investor
You can take advantage of investment opportunities as they arise, even if they appear risky or complex. You keep an eye on the market and stocks to make sure that any investments that aren't performing are removed from your portfolio. They're down for both aggressive or conservative investments.
Investors are enticed by the potential return on investment; they desire high returns without too much risk—so, if they see two alternative investment options with equal potential gains but one with greater risk, they'll pick option B every time.
4. The Dreamer
Dreamers are usually content with what they have and understand how to manifest their desires. The difficult part is not allowing emotions to control spending or budgeting decisions. Instead, dreamers develop a plan and stick to it - no matter the temptation.
If you consider yourself a Dreamer, your financial habits are likely to be the ones that will make you financially successful. Dreamers are usually intuitive and have a clear idea of what will make them happy in relation to their finances. They come up with creative ways to put their plan into action.
5. The Optimist
Optimists are individuals who believe that good things will occur. They tend to have a happy disposition and see the silver lining in every situation. Optimists are more likely to be wealthy financially than other personality types since they save money and make investments, take calculated risks, and generally have a talent for making money.
Surprisingly, optimists tend to have not only better physical health and happiness but also greater financial success! It may sound too good to be true, but there is data to back this claim up. Studies show that optimism and wealth often go hand-in-hand. For example, one study found that people who are optimistic about the future make more money than those with a negative outlook.
6. The Pessimist
The last distinctive financial personality on the list is the pessimists. They are always looking for ways to save money, and they don't just stop at finding opportunities. Financial wellbeing is important and they always anticipate needing to save. If you're a pessimist, then you're probably thinking of ways to cut costs right now.
Although pessimists might come across as boring, they have great financial stability because they never spend money on unnecessary things and shy away from risks.
Pessimists always think ahead. The Boy Scouts of financial personalities, they're cautious and they plan for the worst-case scenario so that they'll be ready to handle it if it ever happens.
How these financial personalities can help with managing money
Understanding which category (or categories) you fit into will give you a greater understanding of how you might react in a situation demanding your attention.
With greater self-awareness comes a greater understanding of how one might make decisions pertaining to their finances. If you want to make more informed decisions about your finances, begin by taking the time to learn about your relationship with money.
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With inflation rates soaring across all corners of the globe, the rising cost of living is taking its toll on everyone involved. Before we dive into how you can stay afloat in these uncertain times, let's first cover the basics.
When inflation occurs, the prices of goods and services go up, which in turn decreases the buying power of consumers. This leads to a decline in economic growth as people now have less spending power and high costs to contend with.
Everything is more costly than it was a year ago—and even a few months ago. The cost of living has been going up dramatically, with costs for basic expenses like household goods and services on the rise. So, how can you stay ahead of the curve?
Below we cover three important steps to take in order to stay ahead of the rising cost of living. Protect your finances and protect your livelihood with these three top tips:
1. Safeguard your finances from inflation
While saving is vital to anyone's financial health, in periods of increasing inflation it's best to diversify and not keep all your savings in a fiat currency. This is due to fiat currencies depreciating in value during inflation, equating to a reduced amount of money in several weeks or months.
Instead, try to move some of your savings into vetted investments, this allows you to keep your funds safe and grow their value at the same time. This might also lead to capital appreciation and dividends, should you invest in dollar-based investments.
Explore alternative options that protect your funds from inflation but also allow them to grow.
2. Increase your income
For a while now, consumer prices have been increasing steadily. It's unfortunate but it doesn't look like things will be getting any cheaper in the near future. You can't keep waiting and hoping for a better situation - you need to take action.
The best way to do this is by focusing on ways to increase your income. Here are three options below, however, there are plenty more available online. Consider spending some time exploring this avenue.
Apply for a promotion
Ask for an increase/promotion: If you're currently earning a salary, it's probably time to talk to your employer about boosting your earnings. Make a thorough account of what you've achieved and why you deserve a raise—and present it to the correct person. Look for resources on how to ask for a raise if you don't feel confident to do so right now.
Learn a new skill
Add a new skill to your resume: With thousands of free tools online, look for a new skill that both interests you and leverages your current skillset. Learning a new skill is not only great for your mind but can also contribute to that promotion you are after or a high-paying job. Find an in-demand skill and get learning.
Monetize new skill
Turn your skill into an income: Whether it's your new skill or something you're naturally talented in, consider turning your skills into income-generating products. From creating online classes to consulting to publishing online books, turn your skill/s into money. Again, there are plenty of resources online that can assist you in this endeavor.
Focus on building wealth through avenues already accessible to you, from asking for a raise to creating an online course, these new avenues of income can help you stay afloat in periods of inflation.
3. Be wise with your money
This goes without saying, but no matter how much money you make, you want to stick to your budget and follow your financial plan. Now isn't the time to be spending lavishly. Also ensure that you have the resources in place to fall back on should you experience any unexpected hard times, like losing a job or emergency. healthcare costs
A great 3-step plan for preparing for, and then overcoming, inflation is to:
- Create a budget to cover basic expenses and lifestyle expenses, and stick to it.
- Pay off debt. Interest rates are going to increase meaning that you will be paying more for your current loan.
- Keep building your emergency fund. This is the first port of call when starting to save. Aim to have six months of living expenses saved up in an accessible account.
What is the cost of living index?
A cost-of-living index is a price index that measures the relative cost of living over time or in different regions. The index takes into account changes in prices for goods and services, as well as substitution with other items when prices vary.
As an example from the U.S. according to the Consumer Price Index (CPI), between March 2021 and March 2022, the cost of living index rose by 8.5% (before seasonal adjustment). This is the highest 12-month increase that has been reported since December 1981.
The bottom line on the cost of living
While inflation doesn't need to cause mass hysteria, it is a time to be more consistent and cautious with your money. Be mindful of what you're spending your money on, be aware that loan repayments will increase, and be prepared for increases in everyday goods and services. By following these three steps above (safeguard, increase, and be wise with your money), you should be able to stay ahead of the curve.

While everyone's wants and needs might be different, there is always a clear line in the sand between the two. When getting to grips with one's personal finance, distinguishing the key differences between the two becomes important.
Needs encompass basic needs like food while wants lean more toward things one desires, like luxury goods. Being able to distinguish between the two, and acting on this, is imperative to one's healthy financial standing.
In this article, we take a look at these two categories and assist you in differentiating between the two.
What falls under NEEDS?
The need category looks at living expenses that one needs to stay healthy in their day-to-day living. These include everything from rent to the utility bill, medication and healthcare needs as well as food, commuting, and any work-related expenses.
These are the basics required by one in order to function, and these should make up the bulk of your expenses. These expenses are also used to determine the amount you'll need when establishing your emergency fund. It is generally accepted that emergency funds should cover six months living expenses.
What falls under WANTS?
The wants category is likened to goods we could live without but choose to buy. These are not required for day-to-day living, however, when funds allow they can provide a more enjoyable quality of life. These include vacations, buying a house or car, entertainment, memberships, streaming accounts, etc.
How to determine needs from wants
While some needs will be glaringly obvious, it's often the case that some wants sneak into the needs category. Here are three simple tools to help you distinguish between the two.
Form vs function
If in doubt, consider how a product or service will be used. Clothing for instance: if the clothing will be worn to work it falls into the need category, however, if it's a clothing item centered around going out or recreation use, this will fall into the want category.
Embrace brand variety
Needs and wants will differ from person to person, so it's best to have a solid grounding on what falls into needs and wants specifically for you. For instance, if you were looking to upgrade your smartphone, someone working in the tech or digital marketing space might be required to have a certain product, while in other cases getting the latest and greatest will fall into the want category. In this case, it might be best to explore other devices that have a lower total value.
Should you split expenses?
Grocery shops will more often than not fall into the need category, as feeding yourself is essential to survival. However, if the grocery shop consists of wine, chocolate, and other treats, this will fall into the wants category.
While we don't expect you to scour through each grocery bill, be mindful of what you're spending your money on and try to balance shops between the two. For instance, if you splurge on a grocery shop one week with wants but register it in the needs category, consider adding the next week's grocery bill to the wants category.
Is saving a want or a need?
Saving for long-term financial objectives like settling debt, retirement plans, and emergency situations might be tough for someone who makes less money. Because these costs are not immediate, they are not always recognized as a necessity.
However, settling debt can be a necessity to ease the financial strain. Furthermore, an emergency may strike at any moment, and during that time, an emergency fund will save one from falling into further (if not crippling) debt. As a result, it's vital to understand that even if your earnings are low, saving is beneficial in the long run, therefore, savings fall into the need category.
How to navigate spending between wants and needs
Here are two easy steps to help you navigate your spending habits:
Create a budget
Establish a realistic budget and decipher how much you can spend on wants, needs, and savings. By creating a framework you can stick to, you can easily avoid any financial problems and still enjoy a good quality of life.
A common ratio used in the budgeting world is the 50:30:20 method. Use 50% of your income on needs (rent, food, bills), 30% on wants, and put the remaining 20% straight into your savings.
Be realistic about your wants
If you're looking to save more money or are working on building your emergency fund, consider adjusting your spending on wants. Being more strict with what you can and cannot buy or lowering your standards somewhat can assist you in saving money and rather allocating the funds to a retirement fund for example. Other ways to reduce spending habits are to get a roommate or use public transport.
In conclusion
Spending intelligently is without a doubt one of the most important ways to make your money go further. The principles, on the other hand, are focused on saving more, spending moderately on necessities, and sparingly on wants. Paying more attention to desires might lead to issues and limit financial development.
Consider carefully what your needs and wants are and then gradually attempt to lower your standard of living. By focusing on your essential needs without disregarding the importance of saving, you'll be on the fast track to financial ease in no time.

While Bitcoin remains ahead of the pack by a mile, that doesn't mean that it's the only cryptocurrency worth investing in. With thousands of coins on the market, there is plenty of innovative solutions and impressive technology to go around. In this article, we're outlining the 7 crypto coins you should know about, providing a range of Bitcoin alternatives that hold statistical significance.
Money in the bank is nice, but will it grow to the heights that we've witnessed in the digital currency markets? The answer is probably not. With the right portfolio, an adequate amount of research and solid trading strategies, you could be seeing impressive returns when compared to other assets in the financial sector. Consider the information below to be a strong starting point, and take it from there.
Ethereum (ETH)
Ethereum has the biggest market capitalization in the crypto industry after Bitcoin and has held this position for quite some time. The decentralised platform has made headlines in recent months as it shifts from a Proof of Work to a Proof of Stake network, requiring less energy to operate and a new means of rewarding the users for verifying transactions.
Ethereum is highly regarded in the industry for providing the first platform on which developers can create decentralized applications (dapps) and smart contracts. This allowed anyone the chance to build any app across any industry while harnessing blockchain technology. Providing a giant leap forward for blockchain development, Ethereum remains on the cutting edge of innovation.
Cardano (ADA)
Cardano was created by one of the Ethereum founders and is celebrated for being academically driven. While the project launched without a whitepaper (an unusual beginning for any cryptocurrency), at the time of launching there were over 90 academic papers written by a team of mathematicians, cryptography experts and engineers supporting the project. To this day all upgrades are rigorously tested through peer reviews before being implemented onto the blockchain.
Cardano offers developers a platform on which to build dapps and smart contracts using a proof of stake consensus. With lower fees and faster transactions, this eco-friendlier platform has been well received in the blockchain development community.
Polkadot (DOT)
Polkadot is a blockchain platform working toward blockchain operability, meaning that it allows various blockchains and oracles to exchange data and value in a secure manner. Through an intricate blockchain structure involving a relay chain and numerous parachains, the proof of stake network provides an innovative solution to connectivity and interoperability in the industry.
Polkadot was created by one of the Ethereum founders, Gavin Wood, and launched in 2020, quickly making its way to the top of the biggest cryptocurrencies on the market.
Litecoin (LTC)
One of the original hard forks off of the Bitcoin network, Litecoin is a long-standing payment focused cryptocurrency. Created by a former Google engineer in 2011, Litecoin went on to become an excellent Bitcoin alternative.
Through several changes to its predecessor's blockchain, the platform offers faster and more cost-effective value transactions over the internet.
Dogecoin (DOGE)
You will struggle to read cryptocurrency headlines without at least a few mentions of Dogecoin. Dogecoin is the original meme token and has been around since 2013. Designed to poke fun at the seriousness of the crypto industry, Dogecoin went on to become a massive cult favourite and accumulate some big fans along the way.
The blockchain is a hard fork off of the Litecoin network and provides fast, easy and cheap transactions. Typically sued for micropayments, such as tipping content creators on social media platforms, Dogecoin has seen massive success due to the tweets of Elon Musk and his favourable attitude toward the cryptocurrency.
Tether (USDT)
Tether is the first stablecoin to enter the market and one of the most successful. Currently ranking as the third biggest cryptocurrency by market cap, Tether sits behind Bitcoin and Ethereum. Designed to combat market volatility, Tether's value is pegged to the US dollar and is always valued at $1.
Tether was created in 2014 and is managed by a Hong Kong-based company of the same name. The blockchain platform provides not only an effective means of entering the crypto market but a payment solution for companies and individuals looking to conduct fast international payments without the risk of volatility.
Bitcoin Cash (BCH)
Another fork off of the Bitcoin network, Bitcoin Cash was created in 2017 as a result of a disagreement within the Bitcoin community. With several members torn over the direction of the Bitcoin network, several members chose to create a new blockchain and implement the changes they saw best for the network.
This resulted in a new payment focused blockchain platform offering a faster and cheaper means of the transaction value. Bitcoin Cash remains a strong Bitcoin alternative, with high daily trading volumes.
Create a well-rounded crypto portfolio
By considering these 7 alternative cryptocurrencies listed above, you have the opportunity to create a well-rounded crypto portfolio conveniently from your own home. All of these coins can be accessed through the Tap mobile application. You can easily view their market prices and engage in buying and selling digital currencies directly from your mobile device.

As we delve deeper into understanding the global financial market and the investment opportunities within it, here we break down the difference between the capital market and the money market. Together, these two markets make up a large portion of what is effectively known as the financial market.
Capital market vs money market
As we break down the money market vs capital market debate, let's first cover the basics of what each entails.
The capital market is where stocks and bonds are traded between financial institutions, professional brokers, and individual investors with a focus on long-term price appreciation.
The money market centers around the exchange of short-term debt between governments, commercial banks, corporations, and other financial institutions. It entails borrowing and lending for a limited amount of time - anything from an overnight transaction to up to a year at maximum.
What is the money market, exactly?
The money market refers to the market where short-term debt securities are traded among financial institutions, commercial banks and corporations. These securities typically have maturities of one year or less and are considered to be very low-risk investments.
Money market securities include instruments such as Treasury bills, commercial paper, certificates of deposit (CDs), and repurchase agreements (repos). These securities are issued by governments, corporations, and financial institutions as a way to raise capital quickly and at a relatively low cost.
How to participate in the market
Investors can participate in the money market by purchasing these financial assets directly or through a money market mutual fund. Money market funds invest in a variety of short-term debt instruments and are designed to provide a safe and liquid investment option for individuals and institutions looking to park their cash reserves or earn a modest return while maintaining a high level of liquidity.
What is the capital market, exactly?
The capital market refers to the market where long-term securities, such as stocks, bonds, and other financial instruments, are bought and sold among investors and institutions. Unlike the money market, which deals with short-term debt securities, the capital market deals with longer-term investments that typically have maturities of more than one year.
The primary market and secondary market are two different stages of the capital market where securities are bought and sold.
Stages: primary market and secondary market
The primary market is where securities, such as stocks, bonds, and other financial instruments, are first issued by companies or governments to raise capital. This is often referred to as an initial public offering (IPO) or a new issue. In the primary market, the securities are sold directly to investors through underwriters or investment banks.
The secondary market, on the other hand, is where previously issued securities are bought and sold among investors. This market allows investors to buy and sell securities with other retail investors, rather than directly with the issuing company. Stock exchanges such as the New York Stock Exchange is an example of a secondary market where investors can trade stocks that are listed on the exchange.
Equity market
The capital market can be divided into two main segments: the equity market and the debt market. The equity market, also known as the stock market, is where shares of publicly traded companies are bought and sold.
Investors can purchase shares of stocks, which represent ownership in a company and entitle the shareholder to a portion of the company's profits, known as dividends. Investors can also profit from capital appreciation, which is the increase in the value of the stock over time.
Debt market
The debt market, on the other hand, is where companies and governments issue bonds to raise capital. Bonds are essentially loans made by investors to the issuer, which promises to pay back the principal amount with interest over a specified period. Bonds are generally considered to be less risky than stocks, but they also offer lower returns.
How to participate in the market
Investors can participate in the capital market through various means, such as buying capital market instruments like stocks or bonds directly, investing in mutual funds or exchange-traded funds (ETFs), or through alternative investment vehicles such as private equity or hedge funds.
The key differences between the capital market and money markets
The capital market can be more volatile than the money market due to the longer-term nature of investments, but it can also offer the potential for higher returns over time. It is an important component of the global financial system and can play a significant role in economic growth and development.
On the other hand, the money market can be an attractive option for investors who prioritize safety and liquidity over high returns. Because money market securities are short-term and typically low-risk, they offer a lower yield than other investments, such as stocks or corporate bonds.
However, money market instruments can be an important component of a diversified investment portfolio, particularly for those who are looking to minimize risk and maintain a stable source of income in the financial market.
Which is best for you?
Determining which market to engage in will depend on each person’s financial goals, risk management levels, and interest in the markets. Speak to your financial advisor or conduct the research on your own to establish which investment options best align with your needs and goals. Both options present strong pros and cons, the ultimate decision will come down to your unique preferences.
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