Learning the friendly way

Need to call Ireland but not sure how to dial correctly? You're in the right place. Ireland's country code is +353, and knowing how to use it properly can save you from those awkward moments when your call doesn't go through (and your phone bill doesn't thank you either).

Whether you're calling family in Dublin, conducting business in Cork, or trying to reach that charming B&B in Galway, this guide covers everything you need to know about dialling Ireland correctly. We'll walk you through the step-by-step process, common mistakes to avoid, and even some free calling options that won't break the bank.

What is the country code for Ireland?

Ireland's country code is 353. This three-digit number is what you need to dial when calling Ireland from any other country around the world.

Country codes are part of the international telephone numbering system, designed to route calls to the correct country. Think of them as postal codes for phone calls - they tell the network exactly where your call needs to go. Ireland's 353 code has been in use since the country established its modern telecommunications system.

For reference, Ireland's ISO country codes are IE (alpha-2) and IRL (alpha-3), which you might see used in forms, websites, or official documentation.

How to call Ireland from abroad

Calling Ireland follows a simple three-step formula that works from anywhere in the world:

International Access Code → Country Code → Local Number

Here's how it breaks down:

1. Dial your country's international access code (011 from the US/Canada, 00 from most European countries)
2. Add Ireland's country code: 353
3. Dial the local number, dropping the initial "0"

Examples in Action:

From the US to Dublin: 011 353 1 234 5678 

From the UK to Cork: 00 353 21 234 5678 

From Germany to Galway: 00 353 91 234 5678

The key thing to remember? Always drop that initial "0" from Irish area codes when calling from abroad. Irish numbers start with 0 when dialled domestically (like 01 for Dublin), but you skip this zero for international calls.

Ireland area codes (most common by city)

Here are the most important area codes you'll need when calling different parts of Ireland:

City/region - area code

Dublin - 01

Cork - 21

Limerick - 61

Galway - 91

Waterford - 51

Drogheda - 41

Dundalk - 42

Wexford - 53

Kilkenny - 56

Athlone - 90

Sligo - 71

Letterkenny - 74

Tralee - 66

Ennis - 65

Carlow - 59

Important note: Irish mobile numbers (starting with 08) don't use area codes. You simply dial the full mobile number after the country code.

How to call Ireland from a mobile phone

Mobile phones make international calling even simpler. Instead of remembering different international access codes, you can use the universal + symbol:

Format: +353 [area code] [local number]

Examples:

• To Dublin mobile: +353 87 123 4567
• To Cork landline: +353 21 234 5678

Most smartphones automatically recognise the + symbol when you hold down the "0" key. This method works regardless of which country you're calling from - no need to remember whether it's 011, 00, or something else.

How to call Ireland for free

Who doesn't love a good bargain? Several apps and services let you call Ireland without traditional phone charges:

Internet-based calling:

• WhatsApp: Free voice and video calls (both parties need the app)
• FaceTime: Free for Apple users calling other Apple devices
• Google Meet: Free voice and video calling
• Viber: Free app-to-app calls worldwide

Pros and cons:

Pros: Completely free (just uses your internet data), often better call quality than traditional calls Cons: Both parties need the same app and a reliable internet connection

These options work brilliantly for staying in touch with friends and family, though you might still need traditional calling for businesses or official services.

Common reasons why calls to Ireland fail

Nothing's more frustrating than a call that won't connect. Here are the usual suspects and quick fixes:

Wrong country code: Double-check you're using 353, not 533 or any other combination Incorrect area code: Check that the area code matches the city you're calling 

Missing digits: Irish landlines typically have 7 digits after the area code, mobiles have 7 digits after 08 

Forgot to drop the zero: Remember to skip the initial "0" when calling from abroad 

No international plan: Check with your provider; some plans block international calls by default 

Network issues: Try calling from a different location or wait and try again

Pro tip: If you're still having trouble, try calling an Irish directory service first to test your connection.

What time is best to call Ireland?

Ireland follows Greenwich Mean Time (GMT) in winter and Irish Standard Time (GMT+1) during daylight saving time (March to October).

For business calls: Aim for 9 AM to 5 PM Irish time, Monday through Friday 

For personal calls: Consider that Irish folks often have dinner around 6-7 PM, so early evening can work well

Always use a time zone converter when scheduling important calls - there's nothing quite like waking up your Irish colleague at 3am because you miscalculated the time difference.

Emergency and service numbers in Ireland

In case you ever need them, here are Ireland's essential service numbers:

• 112 and 999: Emergency services (police, fire, ambulance)
• 116000: Missing child helpline
• 116123: Emotional support helpline

These numbers are free to call from any phone in Ireland and should only be used for genuine emergencies or crises.

Conclusion

Calling Ireland is straightforward once you know the basics: use country code 353, remember to drop the initial zero from area codes, and don't forget about free internet-based calling options. Whether you're planning a business call to Dublin or want to check in with a B&B in the countryside, following these simple steps will ensure your calls connect smoothly.

For the best experience, double-check the local time before calling and keep a time zone converter handy. With these tools in your back pocket, you'll be chatting away like a pro in no time. Sláinte to successful calls!

The "redirect to bank" experience is dying. Today's consumers expect financial services to be invisible, integrated, and immediate.

The numbers confirm this story. The global embedded finance market is projected to reach $606 billion this year, growing to $7.2 trillion by 2030. But this isn't just about fintechs disrupting traditional banking anymore. We're witnessing something far more profound: the financialisation of every industry.

In an increasingly competitive landscape, embedded finance has become the new battleground for customer loyalty, operational efficiency, and revenue diversification.

From healthcare providers offering patient financing to property management companies issuing tenant payment cards, businesses across every sector are discovering that controlling the financial experience isn't just about convenience; it's becoming more about survival. 

And the companies winning this race aren't necessarily the ones with the deepest financial services expertise. They're the ones that recognise a fundamental truth: every business is becoming a financial services company, whether they realise it or not. Let’s explore this narrative. 

Mapping the embedded finance ecosystem

Understanding embedded finance requires looking beyond just payments to see the full ecosystem of financial services being woven into non-financial platforms. To put it more simply: it’s less about processing transactions and more about creating comprehensive financial experiences.

The four pillars of embedded finance

Payment infrastructure forms the foundation, encompassing everything from card issuing and digital wallets to real-time transfers and cross-border payments. This is where most companies start their embedded finance journey, but it's just the beginning.

Lending and credit solutions represent the next evolution, allowing platforms to offer instant financing, buy-now-pay-later options, and dynamic credit lines. A logistics company might offer cash advances to drivers, while an e-commerce platform provides inventory financing to sellers.

Insurance and risk management services are increasingly embedded into platforms where risk naturally occurs. For instance, ride-sharing apps offer trip insurance, rental platforms provide property protection, and gig economy apps include accident coverage.

Investment and wealth management complete the picture, with platforms offering everything from micro-investing features to full-service wealth management integrated into everyday spending activities.

The technology stack revolution

The magic happens in the middleware, where the API layers connect user-facing apps to complex financial infrastructure. Modern embedded finance platforms take away the complexity of banking operations, compliance frameworks, and regulatory requirements, allowing any company to offer sophisticated financial services through simple API calls.

And making this technology accessible is key. Where banks once had moats built from regulatory expertise and infrastructure investments, today's embedded finance platforms have levelled the playing field. 

For instance, a small property management company can now offer the same calibre of financial services as a major corporation, all through cloud-based APIs and white-label solutions.

Industry deep dives: the unexpected financial innovators

The most compelling embedded finance stories are happening in industries you might not expect. Let’s explore how sectors far removed from traditional finance are leveraging embedded financial services to transform their operations:

Healthcare

Healthcare providers are embedding finance to solve patient payment collection challenges. Instead of redirecting patients to external lenders, dental practices now offer instant financing approvals directly within their systems, while telemedicine platforms integrate HSA/FSA payments and prescription processing. 

The result: improved patient experience, reduced administrative overhead, and better provider cash flow.

Real estate

Proptech companies are offering customisable debit cards with built-in credit-building rewards and automated reminders, boosting tenant retention and on-time payments. While other property management utilise embedded insurance to replace traditional security deposits. 

Real estate platforms can now handle everything from mortgage pre-approval to maintenance payments in one interface, while construction businesses offer instant contractor payments with automated expense tracking.

Education

Educational institutions embed financial services beyond tuition through campus spending cards, instant student aid disbursement, and skill-building microloans. 

EdTech platforms offer employer-sponsored training payment cards, while international education programs solve cross-border payment complexity with embedded foreign exchange and instant fund transfers for students abroad.

Supply chain

Manufacturing and supply chain businesses optimise financial flows through embedded supplier financing and inventory funding solutions. Logistics companies provide drivers with instant payouts and controlled fuel cards, while procurement platforms automate cross-border payments and approval workflows, treating money movement as strategically as inventory management.

Entertainment

Lastly, gaming and entertainment platforms create virtual economies connected to real-world branded payment cards, while venues embed payment plans for premium experiences and refund insurance. 

Creator economy platforms also provide comprehensive financial services, including instant payments, business banking, tax preparation, and investment opportunities, becoming full-service financial providers for creative professionals.

The business case: ROI beyond revenue

The financial benefits of embedded finance extend far beyond direct revenue generation. More and more businesses are starting to discover that embedded financial services can drive value through several channels at the same time.

Direct financial benefits

• Revenue diversification through interchange fees, transaction processing margins, and financial product revenue sharing can represent significant income streams. A B2B marketplace processing $100 million annually might generate $1-2 million in additional revenue through embedded card programs alone.
• Float management opportunities arise when companies hold customer funds temporarily. Even small balances across large customer bases can generate meaningful interest income when managed professionally.
• Premium service monetisation allows companies to charge higher fees for enhanced financial services while improving the customer experience. Express payment options, enhanced spending controls, and premium support can command price premiums.

Indirect value creation

• Customer lifetime value extension happens when financial services create switching costs and deepen platform engagement. Customers using embedded financial services typically show 20-30% higher retention rates and increased platform usage.
• Operational efficiency gains from automated payment processing, reduced manual reconciliation, and streamlined expense management can reduce operational costs (in midmarket companies) by 30-50% while improving accuracy and reporting capabilities.
• Data insights and behavioural analytics from financial transactions provide thorough visibility into customer behaviour, enabling better product development, pricing optimisation, and risk management decisions.

Implementation strategies & considerations

Successfully implementing embedded finance requires systematic planning and strategic decision-making focused on core business objectives.

Build vs buy vs partner framework

Cost and speed: Internal development takes 18-36 months with significant compliance costs, while white-label solutions launch in 6-12 weeks. Partnering with licensed providers reduces regulatory burden and accelerates time-to-market.

Integration options: API-first architecture enables flexible system integration. White-label solutions offer complete brand control but require more work, while co-branded approaches launch faster with shared visibility.

Implementation strategy: Consider phased rollouts (for instance, starting with basic payments and gradually adding layers such as lending or insurance) to reduce risk while enabling customer feedback integration.

Risk management essentials

Compliance: KYC/AML verification, fraud monitoring, and data security must meet financial services standards. Again, partnering with established platforms provides compliance expertise across multiple jurisdictions while maintaining a seamless user experience.

How to implement embedded finance into your business

Implementing embedded finance successfully requires systematic planning and execution. Companies that take a structured approach are more likely to achieve their objectives while minimising implementation risk.

Assessment phase

Current payment flow analysis should map all existing financial touchpoints and identify friction points, manual processes, and opportunities for improvement. Understanding current state operations provides the foundation for embedded finance strategy.

Customer journey mapping reveals where financial services integration could improve experience and create value. Look for moments where customers currently leave your platform for financial services or where payment friction creates abandonment.

Competitive landscape evaluation helps identify differentiation opportunities and best practices. Understanding how competitors and adjacent industries use embedded finance provides insight into customer expectations and market opportunities.

Strategy development

Use case prioritisation should focus on the highest-impact opportunities that align with your core business objectives. Start with use cases that solve existing problems rather than creating entirely new functionalities.

ROI modelling and business case development requires realistic assumptions about adoption rates, revenue potential, and implementation costs. Include both direct financial benefits and indirect value creation in ROI calculations.

Partner evaluation and selection should consider platform capabilities, compliance coverage, integration complexity, and long-term strategic alignment. The right partner becomes an extension of your team rather than just a vendor.

Implementation & launch

MVP development and testing allows for learning and iteration before full-scale launch. Start with core functionality and add features based on user feedback and usage patterns.

Pilot program execution with selected customer segments provides real-world validation while limiting risk exposure. Use pilot results to refine processes and optimise user experience.

Scale-up and optimisation based on pilot learnings and market feedback. Successful embedded finance implementations evolve continuously based on customer needs and market opportunities. Be sure to have your finger on the pulse.

The inevitable future

Embedded finance is more than a passing trend: it represents a fundamental shift in business operations. Companies that move early can gain lasting advantages through stronger customer relationships, new revenue streams, and greater efficiency. 

The technology to implement it quickly and cost-effectively is already available, and customers increasingly expect seamless financial integration. The real question isn’t if embedded finance will become standard - it’s whether your business will lead or follow.

Don't let competitors control your customers' financial experience. Get in touch with us to explore white-label solutions that can increase retention, reduce costs, and generate new revenue quickly and compliantly. We’re here to help you transform your business in weeks, not years.

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If you're looking to earn extra money from anywhere online you've come to the right place. Making money online has certainly become more accessible and easier over the years, and in this blog, we're reviewing several ideas to do so without having to invest.

Whether you're looking to make some money on the side, or as a full-time pursuit, remember that as with most things in life: consistency is key. On this page, you'll find a number of beginner options requiring no particular skillset (only a bank account) for you to look into, relevant everywhere from the United Kingdom to the European Union to Australia. Each method varies in financial contribution, which we've highlighted at the end with a rating of the start-up costs.

Top 5 ways to make money online for beginners

1. Affiliate marketing

Affiliate marketing involves an individual earning money through promoting another business's product. This can be done through your own platform which might range from a blog to a website, social media, email campaigning or simply Google Ads. 

All you need is a working internet connection, a bank account and a reliable browser. Each time a friend or family clicks and signs up for the product, you bank a commission. 

Many companies these days offer this service, try to find one that you and your network might be interested in and see the opportunities that they present. 

Start-up Costs: $

2. Dropshipping

This will require a substantial amount of effort, however, the returns will be that much greater. Dropshipping involves selling a product online that you do not need to keep an inventory of, instead, the company that you are buying the goods from sends them directly to the customer. 

You act as the middleman between the manufacturer and the consumer and make money from the margin that you add. The start-up costs will be for your online website and marketing. 

Start-up Costs: $$

3. Freelance your skills

You can hire out your skills on sites like Upwork or Fiverr. Users create profiles expressing their skills, anything from writing to graphic design to music creation, and can apply to jobs requiring these skills. 

These sites will typically allow employers to connect with employees, and once the work is completed the funds are deposited directly into your account. This is also a great way to start a side hustle in your area of expertise without having to tuck into your savings.

Start-up Costs: zero

4. Explore the world of cryptocurrencies

Engaging with cryptocurrencies has gained significant attention in recent years. Before diving in, it’s important to educate yourself thoroughly to grasp the complexities involved. Our blog section on how to learn about crypto is a great place to begin. The cryptocurrency market is known for its high volatility, which presents both risks and opportunities. Whether you're active daily or only occasionally, understanding the landscape is key. To get started, consider signing up for a reputable and regulated platform like Tap, which can help you manage your funds securely.

Start-up Costs: $$

5. Participate in online surveys

Online surveys are a popular way for beginners to make money online. Companies are always looking for feedback on their products and services, and they are willing to pay for it. There are several websites that offer paid online surveys, such as Swagbucks, Survey Junkie, and Toluna.

To get started, simply sign up for an account, complete your profile, and start taking surveys. You'll earn points or cash for each survey you complete, which can be redeemed for gift cards or PayPal payments. Keep in mind that surveys may have specific demographics, so you may not qualify for every survey. However, with some patience and consistency, you can earn a decent amount of extra income in your spare time.

Start-up Costs: zero
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Earn money online from anywhere in the world

Of course, this list is only a small portion of the ways you can make money online, simplified down to the top 5. If you have more time at your disposal you can engage in market surveys, beta testing, becoming a virtual assistant, or even coaching. 

The opportunities are endless, with a wide range of start-up costs, time management, returns and the amount of effort required are to be considered. Ensure you do adequate research in order to learn about your next venture before diving in. At the end of the day, anyone can earn money online, the first step is just to get started. Good luck, may you have only lucrative experiences.

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5 tips on how to manage your money 

Now that you’ve established your income stream/s, here are 5 tips on how to manage the money you’re making. Whether you’re doing this as a side hustle or a full time job, consider implementing the following 5 steps in order to build your finances. . 

1. Build an Emergency Fund

Just like in personal finance, building an emergency fund is crucial for making money online. This fund will act as a safety net in case you hit a rough patch, and it will allow you to continue your online work without financial stress.

2. Create a Budget

Budgeting is another essential aspect of making money online. Creating a budget will help you keep track of your income and expenses, and it will allow you to make informed decisions about where to allocate your resources.

3. Focus on Your Niche

To make the process of making money online more enjoyable consider focusing on a specific niche that you are passionate about. Whether it's writing, graphic design, or web development, become an expert in your field and provide value to your clients.

4. Network and Build Relationships

Building relationships with other professionals in your industry is a valuable step when making money online. Networking can help you find new clients, build your reputation, and even lead to new business opportunities.

5. Stay Consistent and Persistent

Making money online takes time and effort, and it's important to stay consistent and persistent. Set realistic goals for yourself, create a schedule, and stick to it. Remember that success doesn't happen overnight, so don't get discouraged if you don't see results right away.

So, what are you waiting for? 

Need to call someone in the United Kingdom from abroad? You'll need to use the 44 country code to connect successfully. Whether you're reaching friends, family, or business contacts in England, Scotland, Wales, or Northern Ireland, understanding how to properly dial UK numbers is essential for international communication.

What is the 44 country code?

The 44 country code is the international dialling code assigned to the UK by the International Telecommunication Union (ITU). When you're calling from any other country, you must prefix the local UK number with 44 to route your call through the international telephone network.

Here's what you need to know about country code 44:

• Covers the entire UK: England, Scotland, Wales, and Northern Ireland
• Must replace the leading zero: UK numbers start with 0 domestically, but you drop this when using 44
• Works for all UK numbers: landlines, mobiles, and business lines
• Required for international calls: You cannot reach UK numbers from abroad without using 44

The key rule to remember is that when you use country code 44, you must omit the leading '0' that appears in all UK phone numbers when dialled domestically. For example, a London number that appears as 020 7946 0958 within the UK becomes +44 20 7946 0958 when called internationally.

How to call the UK from abroad

The standard format for calling UK numbers internationally follows this pattern:

[International Exit Code] + [44] + [Area Code without 0] + [Local Number]

Your international exit code depends on which country you're calling from:

From the United States or Canada:

• Dial: 011 + 44 + UK number (without the leading 0)
• Example: To call London number 020 7946 0958, dial 011 44 20 7946 0958

From European Union countries:

• Dial: 00 + 44 + UK number (without the leading 0)
• Example: From Germany to the same London number, dial 00 44 20 7946 0958

From India:

• Dial: 00 + 44 + UK number (without the leading 0)
• Example: 00 44 20 7946 0958

From Australia:

• Dial: 0011 + 44 + UK number (without the leading 0)
• Example: 0011 44 20 7946 0958

Hot tip: Most modern smartphones allow you to use the '+' symbol instead of your country's exit code. Simply dial +44 followed by the UK number without the leading zero.

UK area codes you need to know (landlines)

Understanding UK area codes for landline numbers helps you identify which region you're calling and ensures you dial correctly. Here are the major UK area codes you'll encounter:

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Remember that these area codes appear after the 44 country code and never include the initial 0 that you see in domestic UK dialling.

Common mistakes when dialling UK numbers

Avoid these frequent mistakes that prevent successful connections to UK numbers:

Including the leading zero: The most common mistake is dialling +44 0 followed by the rest of the number. This creates an invalid number format that won't connect.

Using incorrect exit codes: Each country has its own international exit code. Using 00 when calling from the US (which requires 011) will result in call failure.

Incomplete area codes: Some callers truncate area codes, especially longer ones like Birmingham's 121. Always include the complete area code after 44.

Network restrictions: Your mobile carrier or VoIP service might block international calls by default. Check with your provider if calls aren't connecting despite correct dialling.

Time zone confusion: Calling during UK nighttime hours may result in unanswered calls, even if your dialling format is correct.

How to call UK mobile numbers using 44

UK mobile numbers follow a specific format that's important to understand for international calling. All UK mobile numbers begin with 07 when dialled domestically, which becomes 447 in international format.

UK Mobile Number Structure:

• Domestic format: 07XXX XXXXXX
• International format: +44 7XXX XXXXXX

Examples of calling UK mobile numbers:

• From US: 011 44 7700 900123
• From EU: 00 44 7700 900123
• Using + symbol: +44 7700 900123

When saving UK mobile numbers in your phone's contacts, use the international format (+44 7XXX XXXXXX) so the number works whether you're calling domestically within the UK or internationally from abroad.

Free ways to call the UK

Before paying for expensive international calls, consider these free alternatives:

Voice over Internet Protocol (VoIP) Apps:

• WhatsApp: Free voice and video calls over WiFi or data
• FaceTime: Free for iPhone/iPad/Mac users
• Google Meet: Free video calls with phone dial-in options
• Viber: Free calls between Viber users

When VoIP works best:

• Both parties have stable internet connections
• Calling friends or family who use smartphones
• Non-urgent conversations where call quality fluctuations are acceptable

When traditional calling is better:

• Emergency situations requiring immediate connection
• Business calls where professional quality is essential
• Calling landlines or people without smartphones
• Areas with poor internet connectivity

Emergency numbers and special codes in the UK

Understanding UK number types helps you dial correctly and know what to expect:

Emergency Numbers:

• 999: Primary emergency number (police, fire, ambulance)
• 112: European emergency number (works in UK)
• 101: Non-emergency police contact

When calling emergency numbers from abroad, you still need to use +44, but these calls receive priority routing. However, for true emergencies while visiting the UK, calling locally using 999 or 112 is faster than international routing.

Best time to call the UK from other countries

Timing your calls appropriately ensures better connection rates and recipient availability:

UK Time Zone: Greenwich Mean Time (GMT) in winter, British Summer Time (BST/GMT+1) in summer

Business Hours: Generally 9:00 AM to 5:00 PM, Monday through Friday

Optimal Calling Windows by Region:

From US East Coast:

• UK morning (9 AM-12 PM) = US early morning (4 AM-7 AM)
• UK afternoon (1 PM-5 PM) = US morning (8 AM-12 PM)

From US West Coast:

• UK morning = US very early morning (1 AM-4 AM)
• UK afternoon = US early morning (5 AM-9 AM)

From India:

• UK morning = India afternoon (2:30 PM-5:30 PM)
• UK evening = India late evening (9:30 PM-12:30 AM)

From Australia (Sydney):

• UK morning = Australia evening (8 PM-11 PM)
• UK evening = Australia early morning (2 AM-5 AM)

Lastly

Understanding the 44 country code system ensures your international calls to the UK connect successfully every time. Whether you're calling London business contacts, relatives in Edinburgh, or friends in Cardiff, following these guidelines will help you communicate effectively across international boundaries.

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Ever stared at your keyboard, spotted that little € symbol next to the 4, pressed it confidently, and watched a stubborn $ appear instead? You're not alone. This familiar frustration has a simple solution that flows smoother than you'd expect.

How to type the euro symbol (€) on a UK keyboard

The magic combination is Alt Gr + 4. Hold down the Alt Gr key (that's the right-hand Alt key) and tap 4. Like clockwork, your € appears.

Can't find Alt Gr? No worries. Ctrl + Alt + 4 delivers the same result. These shortcuts work regardless of whether the euro symbol actually appears on your 4 key - many UK keyboards show it, but the method works universally.

This common keyboard quirk happens because your system defaults to the dollar sign, but the euro lives just beneath the surface, waiting for the right key combination to unleash its glory.

Euro symbol keyboard shortcuts (Windows & Mac)

Windows Users

• Alt Gr + 4 – The primary method
• Ctrl + Alt + 4 – Alternative when Alt Gr feels awkward
• Alt + 0128 – Number pad method (requires NumLock on)

Mac Users

• Option + 2 – Clean and simple 
• Option + Shift + 2 – For US keyboard layouts
• Unicode method: Type 20AC, then press Enter for instant conversion

Each method has its rhythm. Find the one that feels natural for you and let muscle memory take over.

No euro key? Here's what to do

Keyboard layouts dance to different beats. Some show € next to the E key, others place it on 5, and some hide it entirely. Where it sits doesn't matter – the shortcuts still work their magic.

Trust the Alt Gr + 4 combination even when your eyes can't see the symbol. Your keyboard knows where the euro lives.

For keyboards without Alt Gr, the Alt + 0128 using your number pad becomes your reliable backup. Just ensure NumLock glows green before you begin.

Using the Character Map or Word Processor features

Sometimes you need to take the scenic route through your software's built-in tools.

Windows Character Map

Navigate to Start Menu → Character Map. Type "euro" in the search box, select €, and click Insert. It flows directly into your active document.

Microsoft Word & Google Docs

Head to Insert → Symbol (Word) or Insert → Special Characters (Google Docs). The euro symbol sits waiting in the currency section, ready for a simple click.

AutoCorrect Shortcut

Create your own shortcut by setting AutoCorrect to replace "EUR" with "€". Type three letters, watch them transform automatically into the symbol you need.

Typing the euro sign on mobile devices

Mobile keyboards simplify the process beautifully. Switch to your symbols or numbers keyboard, then long-press the $ symbol. A menu of currency options will come up, then select  €.

This method works consistently across iOS and Android devices, making currency symbols as accessible as regular letters.

Copy and paste the euro symbol

When shortcuts fail or time runs short, the simplest solution often proves most efficient: € Copy this symbol and paste it wherever needed..

What does the euro symbol (€) mean?

For those looking to learn something new today: the euro symbol is based on the Greek letter epsilon (ε), representing both Europe and economic stability. The two horizontal lines symbolise the currency's strength and unity.

The European Commission selected this design in 1995, choosing a symbol that would flow naturally alongside other currency marks while maintaining its distinctive European identity.

Does the euro sign go before or after the number?

The euro symbol sits before the number with no space between: €10, €250, €1,000.

This placement follows the standard European layout, keeping things clean, easy to read, and making the numbers flow better for readers worldwide.

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Every move on Ethereum (sending crypto, minting an NFT, using a dapp) comes with a cost. That cost is called gas. It’s not just a fee - it’s the fuel that keeps the network running.

Knowing how gas works means you’re not just using Ethereum, you’re using it smarter. You can time transactions, avoid peak congestion, and cut your costs. Here we explore how it works and how to take control in a simple and easy-to-understand way. 

What are Ethereum gas fees?

Let’s start with the basics: gas fees are the cost of using the Ethereum network. Any time you do something - like send ETH or swap tokens - you’re asking the network to do work. That work takes computing power, and gas fees are what you pay to get it done.

These fees serve three critical functions:

• Compensate validators for their work
• Secure the network from spam attacks, and 
• Prioritise transactions during busy periods. 

When the network buzzes with activity, the fees naturally rise as users compete for limited block space. Picture Ethereum as a busy highway during rush hour. More traffic means higher tolls, but the road remains secure and functional for everyone willing to pay the current rate.

How Ethereum gas fees work

Every gas fee breaks down into a simple formula that establishes your specific transaction cost:

Total fee = (base fee + priority fee) × gas limit

Let’s break it down:

• The base fee is the minimum cost to get your transaction into a block. It goes up when the network is busy and is burned (destroyed) to help reduce ETH supply.
  
  
• The priority fee (tip) is an extra amount you add to speed things up (like tipping for faster service).
  
  
• The gas limit is how much work your transaction needs. Bigger, more complex actions need a higher limit.

Another important element to understand is that gas prices are measured in Gwei, where 1 Gwei equals 0.000000001 ETH. A typical token swap might use 30,000 gas units. If the current base fee sits at 25 Gwei and you add a 5 Gwei tip, your total cost becomes:

(25 + 5) × 30,000 = 900,000 Gwei = 0.0009 ETH

Let’s say at $2,500 per ETH, that transaction would cost $2.25.

Why Ethereum gas fees fluctuate

Gas fees move with the rhythm of the network. When demand is low, fees drop. When things heat up, they spike.

Big events like new token launches, NFT drops, or market surges can therefore clog the network. More users = more competition for space. That’s when the base fee goes up (remember the formula above: total fee = (base fee + priority fee) × gas limit).

The base fee adjusts with every block (around every 15 seconds). It rises when blocks are more than 50% full and drops when they’re under that threshold.

The type of transaction also matters:

• A simple ETH transfer uses about 21,000 gas units.
• A complex smart contract call: +/-200,000.
• A typical Uniswap swap costs 3–5x more than a basic transfer.

And don’t forget ETH’s price. Even if gas stays steady in Gwei, rising ETH makes each transaction more expensive in dollars.

Quick Tip: Check gas trackers before major transactions. A few minutes of timing can save significant money.

How to check Ethereum gas prices in real time

Active users monitor gas prices like traders watch market charts. There are several tools that provide real-time visibility into the network’s condition.

• Etherscan’s gas tracker (for deep analytics)
  Etherscan provides in-depth gas analytics including real-time rates, historical charts, and insights into average and peak fees. It also offers optimisation tips like identifying “safe low‑cost windows” for transactions.
• Rabby wallet (for user-friendly alerts)
  Rabby’s mobile and browser wallet features built-in gas monitoring, showing current prices and offering “Gas Top Up” functionality. It also supports push notifications (via its GasAccount feature) for favourable conditions.
• MetaMask (for fully integrated wallet visibility)
  MetaMask displays live gas rates directly in its interface and dashboard. You'll see options like Low, Market, or Aggressive for gas speeds, and it even shows fiat equivalents beside token balances.

Most gas trackers display slow, standard, and fast fee tiers, helping you balance cost and speed.

It’s also worth knowing that slow transactions may take 5-10 minutes but can save you 20-30% on fees, while fast ones aim to process within a couple of minutes, at a premium price.

Gas prices also follow weekly patterns. Fees are usually lower on weekends, when institutional and high-frequency trading slows down. And if you’re not in a rush, consider transacting during early morning hours (2–6 AM EST), often the cheapest window of the day.

Ethereum gas fees before and after the merge

Over the years, Ethereum has gone through major upgrades that changed how gas fees work, though granted not always in the ways people expected.

In 2021, the London Hard Fork introduced EIP-1559, swapping chaotic gas auctions for a more predictable pricing model: a base fee + tip. It made fee estimates more stable, but didn’t necessarily make them cheaper.

Then came The Merge in 2022, shifting Ethereum to proof-of-stake. It cut energy use and made block processing more efficient. But despite common belief, it didn’t slash gas fees overnight.

However, The Merge did lay the groundwork for future upgrades (like sharding and rollups) that will unlock real, lasting fee reductions at scale. 

Looking ahead, upgrades like Proto-Danksharding aim to scale Ethereum and bring fees down for good.

How to reduce ETH gas fees

Despite what some might tell you, cutting gas fees isn’t about luck, it’s more about smart choices and good timing. Here are some options:

Use Layer 2s
Networks like Arbitrum, Optimism, and Base offer the biggest savings, sometimes up to 90–95% cheaper than the Ethereum mainnet. For example, a $50 swap on mainnet might cost just $2-$5 on these platforms, with the same level of security. (More on this below).

Simulate before you send
Tools like Tenderly and DeFi Saver let you test complex transactions first, helping you avoid failed attempts that still burn gas.

Pick your moment
As mentioned above, prices drop when the network is quiet. Use gas trackers to spot the best times to transact.

Batch when you can
Some protocols let you combine multiple actions into one transaction, so you pay one base fee instead of several.

Layer 2 solutions that cut gas costs

Layer 2 networks are the future of Ethereum scaling. They can handle thousands of transactions off-chain, then settle them on Ethereum in one go, cutting costs and speeding things up.

• Arbitrum leads in total value locked. It offers fast transactions for just $0.10-$0.50 and supports most major DeFi apps, making it feel like a cheaper version of the mainnet.
  
  
• Optimism offers similar savings, with bonus perks like token rewards for developers through its RetroPGF program, driving growth and innovation.
  
  
• Base combines low fees with easy fiat onramps. It’s great for beginners moving from exchanges into DeFi.

These networks are able to do what they do by using rollups, a tech that bundles hundreds of transactions into one. Think of it like carpooling: everyone shares the cost of the ride, but still gets where they need to go.

Who receives Ethereum gas fees?

Since The Merge, Ethereum handles gas fees in a smart split between rewards and supply control.

• Validators (who secure the network) earn priority fees - tips from users that reward them for processing transactions. This keeps the network safe and running smoothly.
  
  
• Base fees, on the other hand, are burned (permanently removed from circulation). When the network is busy, more ETH is burned, which can reduce supply and make ETH more valuable over time.

Will Ethereum gas fees ever go down?

Ethereum’s roadmap promises big fee cuts, but the biggest changes will take time.

• Proto-Danksharding (EIP-4844) is expected in upcoming upgrades. It will slash Layer 2 costs by 10-100x by creating dedicated space for rollup data. This upgrade is the closest major step toward lower fees.
  
  
• Full Danksharding, further down the line, will boost Ethereum’s capacity massively, making tiny, sub-penny transactions on Layer 2 networks a reality without sacrificing security or decentralisation.
  
  
• Ethereum’s founder, Vitalik Buterin, envisions the mainnet as a secure settlement layer, while Layer 2s handle most daily transactions quickly and cheaply.
  
  

If all goes as planned, popular Layer 2s could offer fees under one cent within 2-3 years, opening the door for micro-transactions and true global use.

Comparison: Ethereum vs other chains

Blockchain networks take different paths when balancing cost, security, and decentralisation, and fees reflect those choices. Let’s take a look at its biggest competitors. 

Solana vs Ethereum
Solana offers super low, sub-penny fees and processes around 3,000 transactions per second (far more than Ethereum’s +/-15 TPS). This speed comes from different architectural choices, but with tradeoffs like higher hardware requirements and occasional network outages. 

Ethereum, meanwhile, prioritises security and decentralisation, scaling through Layer 2 solutions to keep fees competitive.

Binance Smart Chain vs Ethereum
Binance Smart Chain (BSC) delivers low fees, typically $0.10–$0.50 per transaction, but it sacrifices decentralisation by relying on fewer validators and tighter connections to centralised infrastructure. 

Ethereum maintains a more decentralised network while scaling costs through Layer 2s, keeping security front and centre.

Avalanche vs Ethereum
Avalanche strikes a balance with moderate fees ($0.50–$2.00), high throughput, and strong security. However, its ecosystem remains smaller than Ethereum’s rich DeFi landscape, which benefits from Layer 2 scaling and a strong focus on decentralisation.

Final thoughts

Understanding Ethereum gas fees puts you in control, allowing you to save money and utilise the network more efficiently. While fees can fluctuate, smart timing, Layer 2 solutions, and upcoming upgrades promise a future of faster, cheaper transactions. 

While Ethereum continues to prioritise security and decentralisation, its gas fee roadmap reflects a careful balance between innovation and accessibility, paving the way for broader adoption and everyday use.

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