Learning the friendly way

With rising inflation rates and economic downturns around the world, there's plenty of speculation that we're headed for another global recession. While the media tends to paint the darkest picture, it's always worth being prepared. In this article we're providing five action points you can do now to ensure that your finances remain recession-proof.

The National Bureau of Economic Research defines a recession as “a significant decline in economic activity that is spread across the economy and that lasts more than a few months. It's worth noting that these are a natural part of the economic cycle and are completely unavoidable. The best thing you can do is be educated and prepared with a reliable plan in place to overcome any economic downturn.

According to a study conducted by Empower and Personal Capital, 74% of consumers in the U.S. are concerned over an impending recession. While some analysts believe the recession has already started, Goldman Sachs has predicted there is a 30% chance of one materializing while UBS has forecast "no recession".

Whichever side of the fence you sit on, it can't hurt to be prepared. While it sounds dark and gloomy, we're here to help you prepare for a recession.
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Anxious about an incoming recession?
Here are 5 steps to get yourself recession ready

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1. Try to eradicate debt

The first step of most financial plans, paying off high-interest debt is a valuable practice. The recent increase in interest rates by the Federal Reserve has seen credit card rates rise over 17% for the first time in two years. Analysts are predicting that these interest rates will continue to rise in the coming months. Avoid credit card debt and the high-interest rates associated with them.

If you are carrying high-interest-rate debt, your best port of call would be to strategically manage this, with the intention to pay it off as soon as possible. With recessions oftentimes come job cuts, and if this happens to you paying off your debt now will be a worthy exercise. Known that in times of recession, interest rates will increase.

2. Lessen your expenses

Consider your monthly living expenses and what you spend money on and see where you can make cuts in order to prepare for the "worst case scenario". Consider what would happen if you were to receive a lower salary, if you were to lose your job, or if you were suddenly faced with an emergency (more on emergency savings next).

While these can take place at any stage, having a plan will help you to be prepared should you come face to face with this. Monitoring your monthly expenses is, either way, a great opportunity to stay on top of your finances and improve your financial situation.

3. Establish your emergency savings fund (and bulk it up)

If you haven't already done so, establish an emergency fund. Financial advisors define an emergency fund as three to six months' worth of living expenses. This emergency fund is to be used for unexpected expenses like home repairs, a car issue, a medical emergency etc. This is separate from your retirement account, and acts as a cash cushion should you need it.

As you prepare for a recession, it's advised to bulk up your emergency fund to be at least six months' worth of expenses/salary. This personal budget will act as your financial safety net should you need it, a rainy day fund. For bonus points, try to keep this in interest-generating savings accounts. 

4. Update your resume

In the unfortunate event of losing your job in a recession, it will bode well to build your resume up before the time so that you can immediately start searching for a new job. During recessions, the job-seeking market tends not to favor job seekers so being prepared beforehand may work out to be to your advantage.

Alternatively, if you were considering advancing your education or going back to school, this could be a prime time to do so. This will not only improve your chances of employment in the future but also allow you time to emerge when the job market is more favorable.

5. Stick to long-term investment plans

In times of recessions it might seem tempting to cut back on retirement savings or pull investments, but try to hold strong. These investments are for the long term and will lose significant value if pulled prematurely, especially in the crypto and stock market.

Focus on managing your emotions and consider the long-term benefits. After the recession moves into its next economic phase would you rather have your long-term investment in place, or have to start again? Especially if your investments are linked to a retirement portfolio. For ease of mind, know that historical data proves that a bull market lasts longer than a bear market.

Whether you're invested in crypto, gold, or the stock market, stick to your long-term strategy and don't be tempted to make decisions based on fear, they rarely turn out to be good ones.‍
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Closing thoughts on surviving economic downturn

Recessions tend to carry a lot of fear mongering news, however, did you know that the recession in 2020 only lasted for two months? While they're times of little to no economic growth, they are just as quickly corrected and allow new innovations, services, and economic activity to ignite. Consider it a breeding ground for new opportunities.
Use the time beforehand to prepare for a recession by managing your expenses, freeing yourself from high-interest rates, and building an appropriate savings account to see you through. If in doubt, consider speaking to a financial advisor who can professionally guide you in building a solid financial plan. 



Disclaimer: This article is intended for communication purposes only, you should not consider any such information, opinions or other material as financial advice. This communication should be read in conjunction with Tap’s Terms and Conditions.

Ever wondered if you're winning or losing the money game? Your net worth holds the answer - and it's easier to calculate than you think.

What is net worth? (and why should you care?)

Think of net worth as your financial report card. It's the ultimate measure of your financial health - not how much you earn, but how much you're actually worth.

Here's the simple truth: net worth = what you own - what you owe

Unlike your salary (which just shows your monthly income), net worth gives you the big picture. It's like comparing a snapshot to a full movie of your financial life.

Why net worth beats income every time

You might earn $100,000 a year, but if you owe $150,000 in debt with only $20,000 in assets, your net worth is actually negative $130,000. Meanwhile, someone earning $50,000 with $200,000 in assets and $50,000 in debt has a net worth of $150,000. Who's really ahead?

The net worth formula

Assets (the good stuff you own)

• Real Estate: Your home, investment properties, land
• Investments: Stocks, bonds, mutual funds, crypto
• Retirement accounts: pension funds
• Cash & savings: Bank accounts, CDs, money market accounts
• Valuable possessions: Cars, jewellery, art, collectables
• Business interests: Ownership stakes, equipment

Liabilities (what's draining your wealth)

• Mortgages: Home loans, investment property loans
• Student loans: Education debt
• Credit cards: Outstanding balances
• Auto loans: Car payments
• Personal loans: Any other borrowed money
• Outstanding bills: Medical debt, taxes owed

How to calculate your net worth (3 simple steps)

Step 1: List your assets 

Add up everything valuable you own. Be honest but don't undervalue quality items.

Step 2: Total your liabilities 

List every debt, loan, and outstanding balance. Yes, even that store credit card.

Step 3: Do the maths

Assets - liabilities = your net worth

Real-world examples: Meet Sarah and Mark

Sarah's success story 

Assets:

• Home: $400,000
• Savings: $50,000
• Investment Portfolio: $150,000
• 401(k): $200,000
• Vehicle: $20,000
• Total Assets: $820,000

Liabilities:

• Mortgage: $200,000
• Student Loan: $30,000
• Total Liabilities: $230,000

Sarah's net worth: $590,000 

Sarah's doing great! Her assets significantly outweigh her debts.

Mark's comeback journey 

Assets:

• Car: $10,000
• Personal Items: $5,000
• Total Assets: $15,000

Liabilities:

• Student Loans: $50,000
• Credit Cards: $8,000
• Medical Bills: $3,000
• Total Liabilities: $61,000

Mark's net worth: -$46,000

Mark has negative net worth, but this is his starting point, not his destiny.

6 reasons why it’s beneficial to grow your net worth

Financial security

Increasing your net worth provides a foundation of financial security. As your net worth grows, you have a greater buffer against unexpected expenses, job loss, or economic downturns. It offers a safety net to navigate through challenging times and helps you maintain stability in your financial life.

Achieving financial goals

A higher net worth enables you to achieve your financial goals and aspirations. Whether it's buying a home, starting a business, funding education, or retiring comfortably, a growing net worth provides the necessary resources and financial freedom to pursue your dreams.

Building wealth

Net worth is a measure of your wealth accumulation over time. By actively growing your net worth, you increase your overall wealth and improve your financial position. It allows you to build a stronger foundation for yourself and potentially leave a legacy for future generations.

Better financial opportunities

A higher net worth opens doors to better financial opportunities. It improves your borrowing capacity, allowing you to secure favourable loan terms and interest rates when needed. Additionally, a strong net worth can attract investment opportunities and partnerships that can further boost your wealth.

Flexibility and choices

Increasing your net worth provides you with more flexibility and choices in life. It affords you the freedom to make decisions based on what aligns with your long-term goals and values, rather than being constrained by financial limitations. A growing net worth expands your options and empowers you to take calculated risks or make life-changing decisions with confidence.

Peace of mind

Knowing that your net worth is growing can bring peace of mind. It reduces financial stress and anxiety, allowing you to focus on other aspects of your life. A positive net worth provides a sense of control over your financial well-being and offers peace of mind that you are on the right track towards a secure financial future.

Tips for increasing your net worth

Boost your income

• Level up your career: Ask for raises, pursue promotions, learn high-value skills
• Create side hustles: Freelancing, online businesses, passive income streams
• Invest in yourself: Education and skills that increase your earning power

Supercharge your assets

• Diversify smartly: Don't put all eggs in one basket
• Think long-term: Focus on assets that appreciate over time
• Get professional help: Financial advisors can spot opportunities you might miss
• Review regularly: Markets change - your strategy should too

Crush your debt

• Target high-interest debt first: Credit cards are wealth killers
• Consider consolidation: Lower interest rates = more money for you
• Create a payoff plan: Set deadlines and stick to them
• Avoid new debt: Unless it's for appreciating assets

Master the long game

• Emergency fund: 3-6 months of expenses (minimum!)
• Retirement planning: Start early, contribute consistently
• Professional guidance: Sometimes paying for advice saves you thousands
• Track progress: What gets measured gets improved

The bottom line: your financial transformation starts now

Your net worth isn't just a number; it's your financial GPS, showing exactly where you stand and where you're headed. Whether you're starting with negative net worth like Mark or building on a solid foundation like Sarah, the principles remain the same.

Remember: Every financial giant started with a single step. Your current net worth is just your starting line, not your finish line.

Start tracking your net worth today, and watch as this simple practice transforms not just your bank account, but your entire relationship with money. Your future self will thank you!

Ready to take control of your financial destiny? Calculate your net worth this week and set your first wealth-building goal. The journey to financial freedom starts with knowing where you stand.

Managing payments across borders remains one of the biggest operational challenges for expanding businesses. While digital transformation has touched nearly every aspect of commerce, international banking is currently lagging behind with separate systems for crypto and traditional currency transactions, creating unnecessary complexity.

Tap solves this problem by offering each business a multi-currency account with a dedicated IBAN that functions as a bridge between these two financial worlds. For businesses handling both crypto and fiat currencies, this means one unified system rather than juggling multiple accounts and conversion processes. This isn't just convenient - it directly impacts your bottom line by reducing transaction fees, speeding up settlements, and simplifying reconciliation.

If you're handling international payments or considering crypto adoption, this could significantly streamline your financial operations. Here's what you need to know.

What is a business IBAN?

An IBAN (International Bank Account Number) serves as your business's financial passport - a standardised identifier recognised across 78+ countries. Unlike traditional account numbers, a Business IBAN follows a structured format that includes country codes, bank identifiers, and your unique account number.

What sets Tap's approach apart is the integration of this established banking standard with crypto functionality. Instead of operating in parallel financial universes, your transactions (whether in euros, dollars, or Bitcoin) flow through a single identifiable channel.

For finance teams, this means the end of reconciliation nightmares. For your customers and partners, it means one consistent payment destination regardless of their preferred currency.

How Business IBANs Work

The mechanics behind modern business transactions

A Business IBAN functions as the digital coordinates for your company's financial location in the global banking ecosystem. When properly implemented, it creates a frictionless path for money to flow into and out of your business regardless of currency type or originating country.

Sending and receiving payments

When receiving payments, your Business IBAN acts as a universal identifier that works across different payment systems. Clients simply enter your IBAN (and sometimes BIC code) into their banking platform, eliminating the confusion of different account number formats across countries.

For outgoing payments, the process works in reverse. You provide the recipient's IBAN, specify the amount, and Tap's platform handles the routing complexities behind the scenes. This standardisation prevents the common errors that lead to payment delays and rejection fees.

What separates Tap's system from conventional banking is the integration layer that works with both crypto and traditional currencies. When a client pays in Bitcoin, for example, you can choose to receive it as cryptocurrency or have it automatically converted to your preferred fiat currency before it reaches your account.

Banking networks demystified

Business IBANs interact with several key payment networks:

SEPA (Single Euro Payments Area): Covering 36 European countries, SEPA processes euro-denominated transfers typically within one business day at low fixed costs. Your Business IBAN automatically routes euro payments through this network without requiring a separate setup.

SWIFT (Society for Worldwide Interbank Financial Telecommunication): The backbone of international banking, SWIFT connects over 11,000 financial institutions worldwide.

Real-world transaction example

Consider a UK-based e-commerce business receiving payment from a German customer:

• The customer initiates a €5,000 payment to the merchant's business IBAN
• The transaction enters the SEPA network and arrives in the merchant's Tap account within hours
• The merchant can either keep the funds in euros or convert to GBP at their preferred timing
• If choosing to convert, Tap executes the exchange at market rates with minimal spread
• The funds become available for business operations, supplier payments, or withdrawal

This same process that once required multiple accounts, banking relationships, and days of processing now happens automatically through a single business IBAN. For businesses managing dozens or hundreds of such transactions monthly, the efficiency gains and cost savings compound significantly.

The ability to handle these complex financial pathways through one unified system represents the core value proposition of modern business IBANs - simplicity on the surface, sophisticated routing underneath.

Cross-border advantages that impact your bottom line

The practical benefits of a business IBAN become immediately apparent in cross-border transactions:

• Reduced rejection rates: correctly formatted IBANs virtually eliminate payment failures due to incorrect account details
• Faster settlement times: direct routing through the SEPA network for European transactions
• Lower transaction costs: fewer intermediaries means fewer fees eating into your margins
• Simplified compliance: clearer transaction trails for more straightforward reporting

Bridging crypto and traditional finance

The crypto market now represents a $2 trillion opportunity that many businesses struggle to tap into due to technical and operational barriers. A business account with Tap eliminates these obstacles by providing:

• Seamless conversion between crypto and fiat currencies
• Consolidated financial reporting across all currency types
• Regulatory compliance built into the platform
• Reduced exposure to crypto volatility through instant conversion options

For businesses cautiously exploring crypto acceptance, this hybrid approach offers a low-risk entry point without requiring major infrastructure changes.

Implementation without disruption

Setting up a business account through Tap requires minimal operational changes:

• Fill in the contact form to initiate a callback
• Complete the business  account set-up and verification process
• Receive your unique account with IBAN
• Update payment details with clients and suppliers
• Integrate with your existing accounting systems

The entire process typically takes less than 48 hours, with Tap's team handling the technical heavy lifting.

Is a Tap business account right for your growth strategy?

It's worth considering a business account if your company:

• Operates in multiple countries or currencies
• Needs to reduce payment processing costs
• Wants to accept crypto payments without complexity
• Are looking to streamline financial operations

As payment landscapes continue evolving, businesses that implement flexible, future-proof solutions gain a significant competitive advantage in customer experience and operational efficiency.

Explore how a business IBAN could fit into your financial infrastructure by visiting Tap's business solutions page, from where a dedicated account manager can discuss potential savings based on your specific transaction patterns.

The business world won't wait for outdated payment systems to catch up. The question isn't whether you need more efficient payment solutions - it's how quickly you can implement them.

Let’s make your cross-border payments simple. Schedule a chat with our expert team and explore how Tap can work for your business.

The crypto market just pulled off one of its boldest recoveries in recent memory. What began as a violent sell-off on October 10 has given way to a surprisingly strong rebound. In this piece, we’ll dig into “The Great Recovery” of the crypto market, how Bitcoin’s resilience particularly stands out in this comeback, and what to expect next…

The Crash That Shook It All

On October 10, markets were rattled across the board. Bitcoin fell from around $122,000 down to near $109,000 in a matter of hours. Ethereum dropped into the $3,600 to $3,700 range. The sudden collapse triggered massive liquidations, nearly $19 billion across assets, with $16.7B in long positions wiped out.

That kind of forced selling, often magnified by leverage and thin liquidity, created a sharp vacuum. Some call it a “flash crash”; an overreaction to geopolitical news, margin stress, and cascading liquidations.

What’s remarkable, however, is how quickly the market recovered.

The Great Recovery: Scope and Speed

Within days, many major cryptocurrencies recouped large parts of their losses. Bitcoin climbed back above $115,000, and Ethereum surged more than 8%, reclaiming the $4,100 level and beyond. Altcoins like Cardano and Dogecoin led some of the strongest rebounds.

One narrative gaining traction is that this crash was not a structural breakdown but a “relief rally”, a market reset after overleveraged participants were squeezed out of positions. Analysts highlight that sell pressure has eased, sentiment is stabilizing, and capital is re-entering the market, all signs that the broader uptrend may still be intact.

“What we just saw was a massive emotional reset,” Head of Partnerships at Arctic Digital Justin d’Anethan said.

“I would have another, more positive take: seeing 10B worth of liquidation happen in a flash and pushing BTC prices down 15%+ in less than 24hrs to then see BTC recoup 10% to 110K is a testament to how far we've come and how massive and important BTC has become,” he posted on 𝕏.

Moreover, an important datapoint stands out. Exchange inflows to BTC have shrunk, signaling that fewer holders are moving coins to exchanges for sale. This signals that fewer investors are transferring their Bitcoin from personal wallets to exchanges, which is a common precursor to selling. In layman terms, coins are being held rather than prepared for trade.

Bitcoin’s Backbone: Resilience Under Pressure

Bitcoin’s ability to rebound after extreme volatility has long been one of its defining traits. Friday’s drop admittedly sent shockwaves through the market, triggering billions in liquidations and exposing the fragility of leveraged trading.

Yet, as history has shown, such sharp pullbacks are far from new for the world’s largest cryptocurrency. In its short history, Bitcoin has endured dozens of drawdowns exceeding 10% in a single day (from the infamous “COVID crash” of 2020 to the FTX collapse in 2022) only to recover and set new highs months later.

This latest event, while painful, highlights a maturing market structure. Since the approval of spot Bitcoin ETFs in early 2024, institutional involvement has deepened, creating greater liquidity buffers and stronger institutional confidence. Even as billions in leveraged positions were wiped out, Bitcoin has held firm around the $110,000 zone, a level that has since acted as psychological support.

What to Watch Next

The key question now is whether this rebound marks a short-term relief rally or the start of a renewed uptrend. Analysts are closely watching derivatives funding rates, on-chain flows, and ETF inflows for clues. A sustained increase in ETF demand could provide a steady bid under the market, offsetting the effects of future liquidation cascades. Meanwhile, Bitcoin’s ability to hold above $110,000 (an area of heavy trading volume) may serve as confirmation that investor confidence remains intact.

As the market digests the events of October 10, one lesson stands out. Bitcoin’s recovery isn’t just a matter of luck, it’s a reflection of underlying market structure that can absorb shocks. It is built on a growing base of long-term holders, institutional adoption, and a financial system increasingly intertwined with digital assets. Corrections, however dramatic, are not signs of weakness; they are reminders of a maturing market that is striding towards equilibrium.

Bottom Line

The crash on October 10 was brutal, there’s no denying that. It was one of the deepest and fastest in recent memory. But the recovery has been equally sharp. Rather than exposing faults, the rebound has underscored the market’s adaptability and Bitcoin’s central role.

The market consensus is seemingly leaning towards a reset; not a reversal. The shakeout purged excess leverage, and the comeback underlined demand. If Bitcoin can maintain that strength, and the broader market keeps its footing in the coming days, this could mark a turning point rather than a cave-in.

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Unless you’ve been living under a rock, you’ve probably heard about ChatGPT… this almighty, em dash-loving  AI assistant that seems to pop up in every conversation nowadays regarding productivity and technology.

It truly is everywhere, and honestly, it lives up to the hype.

Think of it as a chatty, super-smart friend you can tap into anytime, whether you’re fine-tuning an email, researching, or tackling coding questions late at night.

But one thing many newcomers don’t quickly realize: not all ChatGPT plans are created equal. The differences between the free version and paid tiers can be striking, from a helpful but occasionally busy assistant to a premium version that's always ready to go deep on your tasks. With multiple plans, variable costs, and constant updates, it’s not always clear which version offers the best value for one's specific needs.

Whether you're watching your budget or ready to upgrade your productivity, knowing which plan aligns with your needs will help you make the best choice. So, let’s dive in.

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ChatGPT Pricing Plans Explained

Let’s break down what each subscription tier offers and what you're actually paying for:

ChatGPT Free Plan

• Access to GPT-5 (automatic fast/reasoning mode) with standard performance.
  
  
• Features: voice mode, file uploads, image generation, web browsing, basic analysis.
   
• Best for: New users exploring ChatGPT’s capabilities without commitment. Offers solid functionality for casual use, though access and speed can be limited during high demand.
  
  

ChatGPT Plus ($20/month)

• Priority access to GPT-5 with faster responses.
  
  
• Advanced voice mode, early feature access, GPT-4o, custom GPTs.
  
  
•  Best for: Individuals like freelancers or students needing reliable performance and enhanced features.

ChatGPT Pro ($200/month)

• Unlimited GPT-5 access in "Pro" mode offering deeper, more complex reasoning.
  
  
• Premium compute power and research-grade performance.
  
  
•  Best for: Power users; researchers, engineers, and professionals requiring high-level reasoning and uninterrupted access.
  
  

ChatGPT Team ($25–30 per user/month)

• All Plus features plus team-focused tools.
  
  
• Collaboration workspace, admin controls, privacy (OpenAI won’t train on your data), shared GPTs.
   
• Best for: Small teams or startups that value collaboration with enhanced security.

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ChatGPT Enterprise (Custom pricing)

• Advanced security, enterprise-grade privacy, integrations (e.g., Google Drive, SharePoint), and dedicated support.
  
  
• Best for: Large organisations embedding AI into their core infrastructure with full admin and compliance controls.
  
  

Which ChatGPT Plan Is Right for You?

Choosing the right plan is like picking a mobile phone tariff. You want features that fit your needs without overpaying:

• Students: Start with Free; upgrade to Plus if peak usage becomes a drag.
  
  
• Freelancers / Pros: Plus is your professional toolkit; it’s reliable, responsive, and worth every dollar.
  
  
• Developers / Tech Users: Plus covers light work; Pro fits deep coding or complex data tasks.
  
  
• Small Teams / Startups: Team plan adds collaboration and privacy; it’s critical for joint projects.
  
  
• Large Enterprises: Enterprise plan solidifies AI as a business workflow pillar.

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ChatGPT Hidden Costs & Limitations to Know

Even beyond the listed prices, here are some caveats to keep in mind:

• API Usage: If you use ChatGPT APIs, you'll pay extra per token. For example, GPT-4o mini input tokens cost significantly less than full models.
  
  
• Message Limits & Throttling: Paid plans have generous but not infinite usage. Pro handles higher loads; Free can be restrictive.
  
  
• Feature Rollouts: Some features debut first to higher plans. Free users may get them later, like being in general admission while Plus users enjoy VIP access.
  
  
• Storage Limits: File sizes and frequency may be capped, depending on the plan.
  
  

Cost-Saving Tips

• Annual billing: Check for annual pricing discounts, especially on Team plans. Savings of 15–20% are common.
  
  
• Track usage: Keep an eye on how many messages or uploads you consume. Some plans never reveal that data clearly.
  
  
• Bundle savings: If your organization qualifies, inquire about nonprofit discounts. OpenAI sometimes offers 20–50% off Business or Enterprise plans.

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ChatGPT Alternatives: Is There a Better Deal?

ChatGPT isn’t the only tool in town. Here’s a quick look at the competition:

• Claude AI (Anthropic): great at deep reasoning and handling longer contexts
  
  
• Perplexity AI: excels in web search, complete with cited sources
  
  
• DeepSeek: lower cost, decent performance for budget-conscious users
  
  
• Google Gemini: seamless if you already heavily use Google’s ecosystem
  
  

Each platform brings its own strengths. ChatGPT remains very versatile, but depending on your needs, one of these may outperform it.

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Final Thoughts: Is ChatGPT Worth the Price in 2025?

The value comes down to your personal use. The Free plan is surprisingly capable for casual use. For most professionals, the $20 Plus plan soon pays for itself. For teams and businesses, Team or Enterprise plans consolidate productivity, compliance, and privacy in one package.

The good news is you're not stuck with one choice forever. Experiment with free versions of ChatGPT, Claude, or Perplexity, and upgrade when the fit and features match your workflow. Try them all out. Get crazy with those chats!

We're still figuring out this whole AI conundrum, but one thing's clear, these tools are becoming as essential as e-mail or Google Drive. The question is not whether you'll use AI, it's whether you’ll find a way to make it fit your current needs… knowing you can always level up later.

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‍‍Slippage is a natural part of trading that happens when there’s a difference between the price you expect to pay for an asset and the price you actually get. It’s common across all markets, from crypto to forex, stocks, and commodities, and it reflects the gap between your order request and the execution price.

Understanding how slippage works helps investors manage expectations, avoid unnecessary losses, and choose smarter trading strategies. In this guide, we’ll explore what causes slippage, how to calculate it, and how to minimize its impact in real trading scenarios.

What Is Slippage In Trading?

Slippage is when an investor opens a trade but between creating the trade and executing the trade; the price changes due to price movements in the greater market. This can often be a costly problem in the financial sector and particularly when trading digital currencies on crypto exchanges.

How Does Slippage Occur?

The two main causes of slippage are volatility and liquidity, outlined in more information below.

Volatility is when the price changes rapidly, as is common in cryptocurrency markets, and as a result the price changes between the time of creating the buy or sell order and the time of execution. 

Liquidity concerns on the other hand are when the coin you are trading is not traded very often and the range between the lowest ask and the highest bid is wide. This can cause sudden and dramatic price changes, resulting in slippage. Fewer people trading an asset results in fewer asking prices, resulting in less favourable prices. 

This is common among altcoins with low volume and liquidity. While slippage can occur in forex and stock markets too, it is much more prevalent in crypto markets, particularly on decentralized exchanges (DEXs). 

There are two types of slippages:

Positive Slippage

Positive slippage is when a trader creates a buy order and the executed price is lower than the price initially expected. This will result in the trader getting a better rate. The same is true for a sell order that experiences a higher price point at trade execution, resulting in more favourable value for the trader. Positive slippage banks profits.

Negative Slippage

Negative slippage is when the trader loses out on the trade, with the price of the buy order higher than expected at the time of execution. The opposite is true for sell orders, meaning that the execution price is lower at the time of execution, similarly resulting in losses for the trader..

How To Calculate Slippage

Slippage can be calculated in two ways, either in dollar amount or percentage. Although to work out the percentage, you will first need the dollar amount. This is calculated by subtracting the price you expected to pay from the price you actually paid. This amount will indicate if you incurred a positive or negative slippage. 

Most exchanges express this amount in percentages. This is calculated by dividing the dollar amount of slippage by the difference between the price you expected to get and the limit price. Then multiply that by 100.

Slippage Example in Practice

Imagine you plan to buy 1 BTC for $50,000, but by the time your market order executes, the price has risen to $50,250. You’ve experienced negative slippage of $250.

Now imagine you place a limit order at $50,000, and the order executes at $49,900, that’s positive slippage, meaning you paid less than expected.

To calculate slippage:
Slippage amount = Executed Price − Expected Price
Slippage percentage = (Slippage ÷ Expected Price Difference) × 100

For example, if your expected buy was £50,000 and you paid £50,250, slippage = £250 (0.5%).

This simple math helps traders evaluate execution quality and whether slippage is within acceptable limits.

Slippage Across Different Markets

Crypto Markets:

Crypto markets operate 24/7 and can swing several percent in seconds. On decentralised exchanges (DEXs) like Uniswap, prices depend on liquidity pools; so if liquidity is low, large trades can move the price dramatically. Tokens with small trading volumes, like new altcoins, are particularly prone to high slippage.

Forex Markets:

In the foreign exchange market, slippage often occurs during news releases (e.g., interest rate decisions). Liquidity is usually high, but during volatile moments, even major pairs like GBP/USD can slip several pips.

Stock Markets:

Stock slippage tends to appear at market open or close, when volatility spikes. During major events (earnings reports, Fed meetings) even large-cap shares can gap before orders fill.

Across all asset classes, slippage is most noticeable during low liquidity or high volatility, two conditions traders should always monitor.

How To Avoid Slippage

While one can't eradicate slippage entirely, there are several measures one can take to better manage slippage, as regularly falling victim to negative slippages can result in losing a lot of money. 

Create limit orders:

Instead of creating market orders, traders can instead create limit orders as these types of trades don't settle for unfavourable prices. Market orders are designed to execute a trade service as quickly as possible at the current available price.

Set a slippage percentage:

Traders can create a slippage percentage that eliminates trades happening outside of the predetermined range. This can range from 0.1% to 5%, however, if the slippage percentage is too low this could lead to the trade not being executed and the trader missing out on large drops/jumps.

Understand the coin's volatility:

When in doubt, get educated. Learn about the coin's volatility as well as the volatility on the trading platform you are using. Understanding more about previous patterns can assist in making more informed decisions on when to open and close a position, and avoiding negative slippages.

Bottom Line

Slippage is inevitable but manageable. Whether you’re trading crypto, forex, or equities, some gap between expected and actual execution is normal. The goal isn’t to eliminate slippage, but to understand it, anticipate it, and minimize unnecessary exposure.

By combining timing awareness and education, traders can protect profits and execute more confidently, even in fast-moving markets.

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