Learning the friendly way

Harvest Finance is a decentralised yield farming protocol that automates the process of earning maximum returns on crypto investments. Launched in 2020 on the Ethereum blockchain, it functions as a yield aggregator that automatically moves users' funds between different DeFi protocols to capture the highest available yields. It now operates on additional blockchains such as Binance Smart Chain and Polygon.

The platform was designed to solve one of the biggest challenges in DeFi yield farming: the time and expertise needed to constantly monitor and switch between different protocols to maximise returns. Instead of users having to do this manually, Harvest Finance does it automatically, making yield farming accessible to everyone.

TLDR

Automated yield farming: Harvest Finance is a DeFi protocol that automatically farms the highest yields available from various DeFi protocols and pools, optimising returns using advanced farming techniques.

Yield aggregator: Harvest Finance serves as a yield aggregator where assets are deposited into strategic vaults to maximise their yield.

Vault system: Users deposit their crypto assets into specialised vaults, receiving fTokens in return that represent their share of the vault and accumulated rewards.

Native token (FARM): FARM is the governance token that allows holders to vote on protocol parameters and share in farming revenue. FARM token holders can vote on proposals for the operational treasury and may receive a fee from Harvest operations

What is Harvest Finance (FARM)?

Harvest Finance simplifies the complex world of yield farming by creating an automated system that does the hard work for users. When you deposit your crypto into a Harvest vault, the protocol automatically deploys your funds to various DeFi platforms that offer the best returns at any given time.

Think of it like having a professional fund manager for your crypto, but instead of a human making decisions, smart contracts automatically move your money to wherever it can earn the most. The protocol automatically farms the highest yield by moving funds between farming pools on your behalf, eliminating the need for users to constantly research and switch between different platforms.

The platform supports various types of assets including stablecoins, popular cryptocurrencies, and liquidity pool tokens. When you deposit assets, you receive fTokens (like fUSDC for USDC deposits) that represent your share of the vault and track your earnings over time.

Harvest Finance's goal is to make yield farming more accessible by automating the process and optimising the potential returns using the latest farming techniques, bringing sophisticated DeFi strategies to everyday users.

Who created Harvest Finance?

The founders of Harvest Finance remain anonymous, which was common for many DeFi projects launched in 2020. The team is completely anonymous, though the project succeeded in attracting a relatively sizable community and has been involved in the community by doling out grants.

Despite the anonymous nature of the founding team, Harvest Finance has built a strong reputation in the DeFi community through its transparent operations and community involvement. The token was distributed via fair launch with no token sales to investors, demonstrating the team's commitment to decentralised principles.

The project launched during the height of the 2020 DeFi summer when yield farming became extremely popular, and the anonymous team capitalised on the growing demand for automated yield optimisation tools.

How does Harvest Finance work?

Vault Strategy System

The platform operates through a system of specialised vaults, each designed for different types of assets and risk profiles. When you deposit crypto into a vault, you receive fTokens that represent your share of that vault's total holdings.

The magic happens behind the scenes, where the protocol's strategies automatically deploy your funds to various DeFi protocols like Compound, Curve, Uniswap, and others based on where they can earn the highest yields. The system constantly monitors yield opportunities and automatically rebalances to maximise returns.

Automated Yield Optimisation

Harvest Finance's protocol design automatically farms the highest available yields and distributes the profits to users in the pool. This means users don't need to understand the complexities of different DeFi protocols or spend time managing their positions.

The protocol uses sophisticated algorithms to determine the best allocation of funds across different yield farming opportunities, taking into account factors like APY rates, smart contract risks, and gas costs for rebalancing.

Profit Sharing Model

When the automated strategies generate profits, these are shared among all users in the vault proportional to their deposits. A portion of the profits is also distributed to FARM token holders who stake their tokens in profit-sharing pools, creating an additional incentive layer for the community.

What is FARM?

FARM serves as the governance and profit-sharing token of the Harvest Finance ecosystem:

• Governance Rights: Holders can vote on protocol parameters and propose or veto the introduction of new Vaults, giving the community control over the platform's direction.
• Profit Sharing: FARM, when deposited in Profit Sharing pools, becomes a means of participating in farming revenue, allowing token holders to earn a share of the protocol's success.
• Protocol Incentives: Harvest at launch required a native crypto so as to be able to incentivise yield farmers, and allow Harvest to stake other platforms and collect rewards in return.
• Community Participation: The token creates alignment between users and the protocol's long-term success, as both benefit from higher yields and more efficient farming strategies.

FARM operates as an ERC-20 token on Ethereum, making it compatible with the broader DeFi ecosystem and easily tradeable on decentralised exchanges. While FARM is originally an ERC-20 token, it also exists on other blockchain platforms such as Polygon and Binance Smart Chain, expanding to multiple blockchains to offer yield farming opportunities across different ecosystems

How can I buy and sell FARM?

For those looking to participate in automated yield farming, FARM tokens are readily available through the Tap app. You can purchase, sell, and store FARM tokens securely while managing them alongside your broader crypto portfolio.

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Managing payments across borders remains one of the biggest operational challenges for expanding businesses. While digital transformation has touched nearly every aspect of commerce, international banking is currently lagging behind with separate systems for crypto and traditional currency transactions, creating unnecessary complexity.

Tap solves this problem by offering each business a multi-currency account with a dedicated IBAN that functions as a bridge between these two financial worlds. For businesses handling both crypto and fiat currencies, this means one unified system rather than juggling multiple accounts and conversion processes. This isn't just convenient - it directly impacts your bottom line by reducing transaction fees, speeding up settlements, and simplifying reconciliation.

If you're handling international payments or considering crypto adoption, this could significantly streamline your financial operations. Here's what you need to know.

What is a business IBAN?

An IBAN (International Bank Account Number) serves as your business's financial passport - a standardised identifier recognised across 78+ countries. Unlike traditional account numbers, a Business IBAN follows a structured format that includes country codes, bank identifiers, and your unique account number.

What sets Tap's approach apart is the integration of this established banking standard with crypto functionality. Instead of operating in parallel financial universes, your transactions (whether in euros, dollars, or Bitcoin) flow through a single identifiable channel.

For finance teams, this means the end of reconciliation nightmares. For your customers and partners, it means one consistent payment destination regardless of their preferred currency.

How Business IBANs Work

The mechanics behind modern business transactions

A Business IBAN functions as the digital coordinates for your company's financial location in the global banking ecosystem. When properly implemented, it creates a frictionless path for money to flow into and out of your business regardless of currency type or originating country.

Sending and receiving payments

When receiving payments, your Business IBAN acts as a universal identifier that works across different payment systems. Clients simply enter your IBAN (and sometimes BIC code) into their banking platform, eliminating the confusion of different account number formats across countries.

For outgoing payments, the process works in reverse. You provide the recipient's IBAN, specify the amount, and Tap's platform handles the routing complexities behind the scenes. This standardisation prevents the common errors that lead to payment delays and rejection fees.

What separates Tap's system from conventional banking is the integration layer that works with both crypto and traditional currencies. When a client pays in Bitcoin, for example, you can choose to receive it as cryptocurrency or have it automatically converted to your preferred fiat currency before it reaches your account.

Banking networks demystified

Business IBANs interact with several key payment networks:

SEPA (Single Euro Payments Area): Covering 36 European countries, SEPA processes euro-denominated transfers typically within one business day at low fixed costs. Your Business IBAN automatically routes euro payments through this network without requiring a separate setup.

SWIFT (Society for Worldwide Interbank Financial Telecommunication): The backbone of international banking, SWIFT connects over 11,000 financial institutions worldwide.

Real-world transaction example

Consider a UK-based e-commerce business receiving payment from a German customer:

• The customer initiates a €5,000 payment to the merchant's business IBAN
• The transaction enters the SEPA network and arrives in the merchant's Tap account within hours
• The merchant can either keep the funds in euros or convert to GBP at their preferred timing
• If choosing to convert, Tap executes the exchange at market rates with minimal spread
• The funds become available for business operations, supplier payments, or withdrawal

This same process that once required multiple accounts, banking relationships, and days of processing now happens automatically through a single business IBAN. For businesses managing dozens or hundreds of such transactions monthly, the efficiency gains and cost savings compound significantly.

The ability to handle these complex financial pathways through one unified system represents the core value proposition of modern business IBANs - simplicity on the surface, sophisticated routing underneath.

Cross-border advantages that impact your bottom line

The practical benefits of a business IBAN become immediately apparent in cross-border transactions:

• Reduced rejection rates: correctly formatted IBANs virtually eliminate payment failures due to incorrect account details
• Faster settlement times: direct routing through the SEPA network for European transactions
• Lower transaction costs: fewer intermediaries means fewer fees eating into your margins
• Simplified compliance: clearer transaction trails for more straightforward reporting

Bridging crypto and traditional finance

The crypto market now represents a $2 trillion opportunity that many businesses struggle to tap into due to technical and operational barriers. A business account with Tap eliminates these obstacles by providing:

• Seamless conversion between crypto and fiat currencies
• Consolidated financial reporting across all currency types
• Regulatory compliance built into the platform
• Reduced exposure to crypto volatility through instant conversion options

For businesses cautiously exploring crypto acceptance, this hybrid approach offers a low-risk entry point without requiring major infrastructure changes.

Implementation without disruption

Setting up a business account through Tap requires minimal operational changes:

• Fill in the contact form to initiate a callback
• Complete the business  account set-up and verification process
• Receive your unique account with IBAN
• Update payment details with clients and suppliers
• Integrate with your existing accounting systems

The entire process typically takes less than 48 hours, with Tap's team handling the technical heavy lifting.

Is a Tap business account right for your growth strategy?

It's worth considering a business account if your company:

• Operates in multiple countries or currencies
• Needs to reduce payment processing costs
• Wants to accept crypto payments without complexity
• Are looking to streamline financial operations

As payment landscapes continue evolving, businesses that implement flexible, future-proof solutions gain a significant competitive advantage in customer experience and operational efficiency.

Explore how a business IBAN could fit into your financial infrastructure by visiting Tap's business solutions page, from where a dedicated account manager can discuss potential savings based on your specific transaction patterns.

The business world won't wait for outdated payment systems to catch up. The question isn't whether you need more efficient payment solutions - it's how quickly you can implement them.

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Anyone who’s been here long enough can tell you that the crypto space has long been dominated by headlines about dramatic price swings, viral meme coins, and speculative trading frenzies. While these stories grab public attention, they overshadow a far more significant development: the steady construction of digital infrastructure that's quietly reshaping how we think about money, ownership, and global coordination.

This infrastructure (comprising protocols, networks, and platforms) represents the foundational layer upon which the future digital economy will be built. Understanding its importance requires looking beyond the noise of market speculation to examine the technological bedrock that makes decentralised applications, global finance, and new forms of digital cooperation possible.

Some will argue that the journey from surface-level crypto awareness to deep appreciation of its infrastructure parallels the early internet's evolution. Just as few people in the 1990s understood TCP/IP protocols while browsing the web, today's crypto users often interact with sophisticated infrastructure without recognising its complexity or potential. So, let’s go there.

Understanding crypto infrastructure

Crypto infrastructure encompasses the foundational systems that enable decentralised networks to function. At its core, this includes Layer 1 blockchains like Bitcoin and Ethereum, which serve as base settlement layers. Layer 2 solutions build on top of these foundations, provide faster transactions and reduced costs while still maintaining the security of the underlying chain.

Stay with me; beyond the blockchain layers themselves, crypto infrastructure encompasses decentralised storage networks, oracle systems that connect blockchains to real-world data, cross-chain bridges, and smart contract platforms that enable programmable money and automated agreements.

Here, the comparison to internet infrastructure development resurfaces. Just as the internet required foundational protocols like TCP/IP for data transmission and HTTP for web browsing, crypto requires its own stack of interoperable protocols. Ethereum's introduction of smart contracts in 2015 paralleled the web's evolution from static pages to dynamic applications, enabling what we now call Web3.

This infrastructure exhibits composability, allowing different protocols and applications to interact seamlessly, thereby creating network effects where each new component enhances the utility of existing ones. 

For example, a decentralised exchange can integrate with a lending protocol, which connects to an insurance platform, all running on shared infrastructure and speaking the same digital language.

The role of infrastructure in real-world use cases

Let's take a look at perhaps the most mature application of crypto infrastructure: Decentralised finance (DeFi). Platforms like Uniswap have processed hundreds of billions in trading volume without traditional intermediaries, while lending protocols enable global credit markets operating 24/7 without geographic restrictions. Let the record state that these are not theoretical experiments: they're functioning financial systems serving millions of users.

Non-fungible tokens (NFTs), despite their heavy association with speculative art markets, demonstrate infrastructure capabilities for digital ownership and provenance. The underlying technology enables everything from supply chain tracking to digital identity verification, with applications extending far beyond collectables.

Looking at another example, Decentralised Autonomous Organisations (DAOs) showcase how crypto infrastructure can enable new forms of governance and coordination. Organisations like MakerDAO govern multi-billion-dollar protocols through token-based voting, while smaller DAOs coordinate everything from research funding to community management without traditional corporate structures.

Global remittances showcase the infrastructure's practical impact. Traditional international transfers often take days and attract significant fees, especially for users in developing nations. However, crypto infrastructure enables near-instant, low-cost transfers that bypass legacy banking systems, providing financial inclusion for underserved populations.

Looking further, storage networks like Filecoin and IPFS show us how crypto principles apply beyond finance. These systems create decentralised alternatives to centralised cloud storage, with cryptoeconomic incentives ensuring data persistence and availability without relying on corporate guarantees.

Finally (for now), oracle networks like Chainlink bridge the gap between blockchain systems and external data, enabling smart contracts to respond to real-world events. This infrastructure component is essential for applications ranging from crop insurance to prediction markets.

Why infrastructure trumps hype

Unfortunately, hype cycles are inevitable in emerging technologies. Let’s look at the internet again, which experienced multiple boom-bust cycles, from the dot-com bubble to social media speculation, yet the underlying infrastructure continued evolving throughout these times. 

Crypto follows a similar pattern: speculative excess grabs headlines, but fundamental infrastructure development goes on regardless of market sentiment.

→ Layer 1 blockchain innovation continues advancing despite price volatility. 

→ Ethereum's transition to proof-of-stake reduced energy consumption by over 99% while maintaining security. 

→ New consensus mechanisms and scaling solutions emerge regularly, addressing earlier limitations through technological iteration rather than marketing promises.

Take Layer 2 scaling solutions for instance, these have matured significantly, with platforms like Arbitrum and Polygon processing thousands of transactions per second at fraction-of-a-penny costs without making front page news. These developments solve practical problems that enable broader adoption, creating value through utility rather than speculation.

Infrastructure ensures long-term utility by focusing on fundamental capabilities rather than short-term price appreciation. A robust smart contract platform retains value whether tokens cost $10 or $10,000, because its utility derives from enabling new applications and business models, not from speculative trading.

Public blockchains: root access for everyone

Now, for public blockchains. These provide something unprecedented in digital systems: root access for ordinary users. In traditional computing, root access gives complete control over a system, typically reserved for administrators. Public blockchains extend analogous privileges to anyone with an internet connection, enabling direct interaction with global financial infrastructure without permission from intermediaries.

This represents a fundamental shift in digital sovereignty. Users can hold assets, execute contracts, and participate in governance without relying on banks, corporations, or governments to maintain accounts or process transactions. The infrastructure operates according to transparent rules encoded in software rather than opaque policies subject to change.

Shared governance emerges naturally from this design, as protocol changes require community consensus, enabling systems to evolve through democratic participation rather than top-down corporate decision-making. Now, token holders can vote on upgrades, fee structures, and resource allocation, participating in economic governance at a scale previously impossible.

On top of this, interoperability benefits from shared standards and open protocols. This allows applications built on public infrastructure to integrate seamlessly, creating network effects that strengthen the entire ecosystem. Or a wallet application that works across multiple platforms, a lending protocol that can source liquidity from various exchanges, and identity systems that can port credentials between services.

This also means that censorship resistance can become a practical reality rather than a theoretical ideal. Transactions can now execute according to protocol rules rather than institutional policies, providing financial access to users regardless of political status, geographic location, or social standing. This infrastructure has proven particularly valuable for individuals in countries with capital controls or political instability.

Limitations and criticisms

We cannot celebrate the highs without addressing the lows. Firstly, scalability remains a significant challenge for blockchain infrastructure. Bitcoin processes roughly seven transactions per second, while Ethereum handles about fifteen, far below Visa's theoretical capacity of 65,000 transactions per second. 

Of course, this comparison oversimplifies the trade-offs involved, as Layer 2 solutions and alternative consensus mechanisms continue improving throughput while maintaining decentralisation and security properties.

Another media-preferred limitation is energy consumption, particularly for proof-of-work systems like Bitcoin. What the media don’t reveal is that the narrative of excessive energy use often ignores several factors: Bitcoin mining increasingly uses renewable energy sources, proof-of-stake systems like Ethereum consume negligible energy, and the current financial system's energy footprint includes bank branches, data centers, and cash transportation networks rarely counted in comparisons.

Looking at governance, challenges can arise from the tension between decentralisation and coordination. Protocol forks like Bitcoin Cash and Ethereum Classic demonstrate how communities sometimes split over technical or philosophical disagreements. While these events can be disruptive, they also illustrate the system's ability to accommodate different visions rather than forcing consensus.

The Bank for International Settlements (BIS) has raised concerns about trust, scalability, and institutional integration in crypto systems. Their perspective highlights important considerations: public blockchains require users to trust cryptography and consensus mechanisms rather than institutional guarantees, scalability improvements often involve trade-offs in decentralisation, and integration with existing financial infrastructure remains complex.

However, many criticisms reflect misunderstandings about ongoing development. "Crypto is too slow" ignores Layer 2 innovations that achieve traditional payment system speeds while maintaining blockchain security guarantees. "Bitcoin uses too much energy" doesn't account for proof-of-stake alternatives or renewable energy adoption in mining operations.

Enter a new paradigm: the crypto economy

The crypto economy fundamentally shifts how digital systems create value. Traditional platforms extract wealth through data collection while users provide free content and attention. Crypto infrastructure flips this model: users own platform stakes, earn tokens for contributions, and participate in governance decisions.

This infrastructure operates without geographic boundaries. A Nigerian developer receives payment from a Swedish client through the same system enabling a Singapore DAO to fund global research. Smart contracts automate complex relationships: insurance pays out based on weather data, funds rebalance algorithmically, and revenue is distributed to thousands of contributors simultaneously.

The notion that "crypto will eat the digital economy" reflects the infrastructure's potential to reorganise systems around user ownership rather than platform extraction. This is proven by the fast rate at which decentralised alternatives are appearing, institutional blockchain adoption, and government exploration of digital currencies built on similar technologies.

Concluding thoughts

While speculation captures headlines, crypto infrastructure represents a quiet revolution in digital coordination and value transfer. Like the internet's lasting value came from enabling new applications rather than domain name speculation, crypto's impact will stem from infrastructure capabilities, not token prices.

This new infrastructure reshapes how we think about ownership, governance, and economic coordination in digital systems. It provides early examples of how future digital economies might grant users greater control and participation in the systems they use.

As this infrastructure matures, its influence will extend into areas we're only beginning to imagine. The quiet revolution of crypto infrastructure may ultimately prove more transformative than any speculative bubble, creating lasting change in how societies coordinate and create value in an increasingly digital world.

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In today's digital-first economy, businesses across all sectors are seeking innovative financial solutions to drive efficiency, enhance customer experiences, and unlock new revenue streams. One compelling strategy is the implementation of co-branded credit cards, which have been shown to significantly boost customer loyalty and spending.

Notably, 75% of financially stable consumers prefer co-branded cards for their rewards and benefits, indicating a strong alignment between these card programs and consumer desires.

By collaborating with financial institutions to offer co-branded cards, businesses can create tailored payment solutions that meet customer expectations and reinforce brand loyalty. This approach transforms the payment infrastructure from a mere operational necessity into a strategic asset that fuels growth.

For instance, the co-branded credit card market is projected to grow from $13.41 billion in 2023 to $25.72 billion by 2030, reflecting a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 9.74%.

Whether you're in retail, SaaS, or manufacturing, a tailored card program could be the key to transforming how your business engages with customers—and how you scale.

What is card program management?

Card program management encompasses the end-to-end process of designing, implementing, and optimising payment card solutions tailored to your business. From corporate expense cards that streamline internal processes to branded payment cards that enhance customer loyalty, these programs offer versatility that can benefit virtually any organisation looking to modernise its financial operations.

As businesses continue to navigate increasingly complex markets, those equipped with flexible financial tools gain a significant competitive advantage. The right card program doesn't just process payments—it generates valuable data, reduces administrative burden, and creates opportunities for deeper engagement with both employees and customers.

Why it matters

At its core, card program management involves overseeing all aspects of a payment card ecosystem—from issuing and distribution to transaction processing, reporting, and compliance. Modern card program management platforms provide businesses with the infrastructure to create customised payment solutions while maintaining visibility and control.

This matters because traditional payment methods often create friction points that slow business growth. Manual expense reporting, limited payment visibility, and rigid financial systems can drain resources and limit innovation. 

However, a well-managed card program addresses these pain points by automating processes, enhancing security, and providing greater flexibility.

Key benefits for businesses across sectors

Streamlined operations

Card programs dramatically reduce administrative overhead by automating expense tracking, simplifying reconciliation, and eliminating paper-based processes. This operational efficiency translates directly to cost savings and allows your team to focus on strategic initiatives rather than transaction management.

Enhanced Customer Experience

For businesses that implement customer-facing card programs, the benefits extend to experience enhancement. Branded payment cards can strengthen loyalty, while instant issuance capabilities meet modern expectations for immediacy. 

From hospitality to healthcare, organisations are using card programs to differentiate their service offerings.

Data-driven insights

Perhaps the most overlooked advantage of modern card program management is the wealth of data it generates. Every transaction becomes a data point that can inform business decisions, reveal spending patterns, and identify opportunities for optimisation. This business intelligence becomes increasingly valuable as programs scale.

Scalability and flexibility

As your business grows, your card program can evolve alongside it. Whether you're expanding into new markets or adding new product lines, a well-designed card program adapts to changing requirements without requiring complete system overhauls.

The implementation process simplified

Implementing a card program doesn't have to be overwhelming. The process typically follows these key steps:

1. Assessment and strategy development: Evaluate your current payment ecosystem and define clear objectives for your card program.
2. Platform selection and integration: Choose a card program management solution that aligns with your technical requirements and business goals, then integrate it with your existing systems.
3. Program launch and optimisation: Deploy your program with proper training and support, then continuously refine based on performance data and user feedback.

Real-World Impact

Across industries, businesses are leveraging card program management to solve specific challenges:

• Retail companies are implementing instant digital card issuance to capture sales opportunities.

•  Healthcare providers are using specialised payment cards to simplify patient financial assistance.
• Manufacturing firms are deploying corporate card programs with custom spending controls to streamline procurement.

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The common thread? Each organisation is using card program management as a strategic tool rather than just a payment method.

How Tap can help

Navigating the complexities of card program management requires expertise and the right technology partner. Tap's comprehensive platform brings together cutting-edge technology with industry-specific knowledge to help businesses design, implement, and optimise card programs that deliver measurable results.

Our solution addresses common challenges like regulatory compliance, security concerns, and integration complexities, allowing you to focus on the strategic benefits rather than implementation hurdles.

Ready to explore how card program management could transform your business operations and drive growth? Connect with Tap's team of specialists for a personalised consultation and discover the potential of a tailored card program for your organisation.

Article Framework: Card Program Management

Tone & Perspective

• Tone: Professional, informative, and authoritative.
• Perspective: Written from an expert viewpoint, educating businesses on launching and managing a successful card program.

Priority Headings & Structure

1. Introduction

• What is card program management?
• Why businesses need effective card program management.
• Overview of key stakeholders (issuers, networks, processors, etc.).

2. How Card Program Management Works

• Key components: issuing, processing, compliance, and risk management.
• The role of a program manager (self-managed vs. outsourced).
• The relationship between issuing banks, networks, and program managers.

3. Core Elements of a Successful Card Program

• Program Design: Choosing card types (prepaid, debit, credit), network selection (Visa, Mastercard), and branding.
• Issuance & Account Management: BIN sponsorship, account setup, and customer onboarding.
• Compliance & Risk Management: KYC, AML, PCI DSS, and fraud prevention strategies.
• Transaction Processing & Settlement: How funds flow through the ecosystem.
• Customer Experience & Support: Ensuring smooth cardholder interactions.

4. Self-Managed vs. Partner-Managed Card Programs

• Benefits and challenges of managing in-house.
• When outsourcing makes sense.
• How third-party program managers add value.

5. Key Considerations Before Launching a Card Program

• Business goals and revenue model.
• Regulatory and security requirements.
• Time-to-market considerations.

6. Trends & Future of Card Program Management

• Embedded finance & BaaS (Banking-as-a-Service).
• AI-driven fraud detection and risk management.
• Open banking and API-driven solutions.

7. Conclusion & Next Steps

• Recap of key insights.
• How businesses can get started with a card program.
• Contact a program management expert.

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Welcome to Tap’s weekly crypto market recap. 

Here are the biggest stories from last week (2 - 9 June).

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😐 Bitcoin’s Market Sentiment

Despite the subdued retail interest and historically weak June performance (averaging a 1.9% return), on-chain data showed a surge in whale accumulation: large holders aggressively bought BTC last week, with over 67,000 coins leaving exchanges. 

Institutional investors and crypto whales have been increasing their buying activity, signalling stronger confidence in the market. This kind of accumulation often precedes major price moves and could lead to increased volatility or even spark a rally if the trend continues.

On the technical side, Bitcoin is showing strength: it's trading above both its 50-day and 200-day moving averages, a sign of sustained upward momentum. Last week, it also formed a “golden cross,” where the 50-day moving average crosses above the 200-day. This is widely seen as a bullish indicator that often attracts more buyers.

Read more. 

🏦 Corporate Bitcoin Accumulation on the Rise‍

Institutional appetite continues to grow. The number of public companies holding Bitcoin in their treasuries has jumped to 116, with a combined 809,100 BTC - more than doubling from a year ago. Nearly 100,000 BTC have been added since early April, driven by new fair-value accounting rules and a friendlier U.S. regulatory environment.

Japan’s Metaplanet, now the ninth-largest corporate Bitcoin holder, just added another 1,088 BTC (around $106 million) to its treasury, bringing its total stash to 8,888 BTC. While Strategy, the largest corporate holder of Bitcoin, picked up an additional 705 BTC (~$75 million), funded through equity offerings.

These moves highlight a steady trend: more public companies are treating Bitcoin as a long-term treasury asset.

Read more. 

🔓 Major Token Unlocks and Market Impact 

June is shaping up to be a busy month for token unlocks, with around $3.3 billion in tokens entering circulation. While a 32% drop from May’s inflow, still a hefty amount, and enough to stir volatility in the affected assets.

Some of the biggest unlocks this month include:

• Metars Genesis (MRS): $193M on June 21, aimed at funding AI partnerships
  
  
• Sui (SUI): 44M tokens (~$160M) unlocked on June 1
  
  
• Fasttoken (FTN): 20M tokens (~$88M) released for founders
  
  
• LayerZero (ZRO): 25M tokens (~$71M) allocated to contributors
  
  
• Aptos (APT): 11.31M tokens (~$61M) for contributors and investors
  
  

More notable unlocks through mid-June include Immutable (IMX), Starknet (STRK), Sei (SEI), Arbitrum (ARB), and ApeCoin (APE) - each releasing between $10M and $43M in tokens. With so much supply hitting the market, short-term price moves could follow.

Read more. 

📈 USDC Enters NYSE

Circle, the issuer of USDC, made a splashy debut on the NYSE under the ticker CRCL. Priced at $31, shares opened at $69 and peaked at $103.75, closing around $83.23. The offering raised between $1.05 and $1.1 billion, pushing Circle’s valuation to around $21 billion on a fully diluted basis, marking one of the largest crypto IPOs in recent years and highlighting strong institutional appetite for regulated stablecoin players.

Read more

Stay tuned for next week’s instalment, delivered on Monday mornings. 

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Madeira, a picturesque archipelago in the Atlantic often called the "Pearl of the Atlantic," offers more than just a beautiful place to visit—it could become your new home, especially if you're a digital nomad. With its mild climate year-round, stunning landscapes, and the chance to wake up to sweeping ocean views, Madeira is an inviting option for those looking for a new lifestyle.

Located in the North Atlantic Ocean, Madeira is just under 400 km north of the Canary Islands, 520 km west of Morocco, and 805 km southwest of mainland Portugal. While situated on the African Tectonic Plate, it is entirely considered European. Thinking of moving there? This guide aims to make your move as smooth as possible, covering essential topics from legal requirements to finding the right home on the island. 

Table of Contents

1. Fun Facts about Madeira
2. Understanding Madeira
3. Legal Requirements - Visas and Residency Permits
4. Finding a Job
5. Finding a Place to Stay
6. Cost of Living
7. Setting up a Bank Account
8. Getting Around Madeira
9. Accessing the Healthcare System
10. Learn the Language
11. Conclusion

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Fun Facts about Madeira

• Official name: Autonomous Region of Madeira (Região Autónoma da Madeira)
• Population: 256,622 (2.5% of the population in Portugal)
• Total number of islands: 4 main inhabited islands (Madeira, Porto Santo, Desertas, and Selvagens)
• Capital: Funchal, located on Madeira Island
• Currency: Euro (€)
• Official language: Portuguese
  

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Understanding Madeira

Location and Climate

Madeira is an autonomous region of Portugal, consisting of four islands located in the north Atlantic Ocean, about 1,000 km southwest of Lisbon and 520 km west of the African coast. Known for its eternal spring climate, Madeira boasts average temperatures ranging from 19°C (66°F) in winter to 26°C (78°F) in summer. It typically has dry summers and wet winters.

Culture

Madeiran culture is a vibrant mix of Portuguese and multicultural influences, reflecting its history as a strategic port. The people are known for their warmth and hospitality, embracing a relaxed lifestyle that values work-life balance.

Language

Portuguese is the official language of Madeira. While English is widely spoken in tourist areas and among younger generations, learning some Portuguese will greatly enhance your experience and integration into local life.

Tax Benefits

Madeira offers attractive tax benefits, especially for non-habitual residents (NHR) and digital nomads. The NHR program provides tax exemptions or reduced rates on foreign-source income for eligible individuals for ten years. Additionally, Madeira's International Business Centre offers tax advantages for companies establishing operations on the island.

Legal Requirements - Visas and Residency Permits

Madeira follows Portuguese immigration laws as it is an autonomous region of Portugal. Here’s a breakdown:

1. EU/EEA/Swiss Citizenssome text
   • As part of the EU, Madeira allows EU/EEA/Swiss citizens to enter freely for up to 3 months. For longer stays, registration with local authorities for a Registration Certificate is required.

2. Non-EU Citizenssome text
   • Schengen Visa (Short-stay): For visits up to 90 days in a 180-day period.
   • National Visa (Long-stay): For stays over 90 days, depending on the purpose (work, study, etc.). This includes:some text
     • Work Visas:some text
       • D1 Visa (Employee Visa): For individuals with a job offer from a Portuguese company.
       • D3 Visa (Highly Qualified Activity Visa): For skilled professionals, researchers, or teaching staff.
       • D2 Visa (Entrepreneur Visa): For those starting a business or investing in Portugal.
       • D7 Visa (Digital Nomad Visa): For remote workers and digital nomads.
     • Study Visas (D4 Visa): For students accepted by a recognized Portuguese educational institution.
     • Golden Visa: This residency program allows non-EU citizens to obtain residency by making significant investments, such as buying property or creating jobs in Portugal.
   • After arriving, non-EU citizens must schedule an appointment with SEF and apply for a residence permit within 4 months.

Additional notes:

• Language requirement: Some visas may require proof of Portuguese language proficiency (A2 level), which can often be met after arriving in Portugal.
• Visa validity: Most initial visas are valid for 4 months to 1 year and can be renewed if the applicant continues to meet the visa conditions.

Always check the official SEF website (www.sef.pt) for the most updated information as immigration laws and requirements can change.

Finding a Job

While Madeira's job market can be competitive, opportunities exist, particularly in the following sectors:

• Tourism and hospitality
• IT and tech (growing digital nomad scene)
• Education (especially language teaching)
• Healthcare
• Agriculture and wine production

To search for jobs, you can use online platforms like:

• Indeed Portugal
• LinkedIn

The Madeira Digital Nomads community is also a great resource for remote workers.

Finding a Place to Stay

Madeira offers a range of housing options, from modern apartments in Funchal to traditional quintas (country estates) in rural areas. Popular areas for expats include:

• Funchal
  • The capital city and largest urban centre of Madeira, Funchal is the most popular choice for expats. It offers a wide range of amenities, including restaurants, shops, healthcare facilities, and schools. Funchal has a blend of modern living and traditional charm, with its scenic harbour, historic sites, and vibrant cultural life.
• Ponta do Sol
  • Known for being one of the sunniest spots on the island, Ponta do Sol has become increasingly popular with digital nomads and remote workers. It's a smaller, quieter coastal town but has a growing expat community, particularly those looking for a relaxed lifestyle away from the busy city.
• Calheta
  • Located on the southwest coast, Calheta is favoured by expats seeking a quieter, more rural lifestyle while still being within easy reach of Funchal. It offers beautiful beaches, nature, and hiking opportunities, as well as modern amenities.
• Santa Cruz
  • Close to the Madeira International Airport, Santa Cruz is another attractive area for expats, offering proximity to the ocean, a quieter vibe than Funchal, and easy access to amenities and transportation.
• Caniço
  • Situated just east of Funchal, Caniço is another popular choice for expats. It offers a more suburban feel, with residential areas, shops, and restaurants, along with a lower cost of living compared to Funchal. Caniço de Baixo, the coastal area, is especially favoured by retirees and expats.
• Machico
  • Located on the eastern part of the island, Machico is Madeira’s second-largest town and offers a more traditional Portuguese lifestyle. It has a beautiful bay, a sandy beach, and a lower cost of living, making it appealing to expats who want a quieter environment while still enjoying coastal life.

When deciding on a place to live, consider:

• Proximity to amenities and transport links
• Microclimate (some areas are sunnier or more sheltered from winds)
• Access to high-speed internet (crucial for remote workers)

Websites to help with your property search:

• Idealista
• Casa Sapo
• Imovirtual

In Funchal, the average cost of renting a one-bedroom apartment in the city centre is approximately €1,220. For those looking to live outside the city centre, the rent for a one-bedroom apartment is typically lower, around €930. For larger accommodation options, a three-bedroom apartment in the city centre averages €2,130, while the same type of apartment outside the centre costs about €1,550.

Cost of Living

While generally more affordable than mainland Portugal, costs in Madeira can vary. Here's a general idea of monthly costs (excluding rent):

• Single person: €650
• Family of four: €2,300

Looking at some more specific costs:

• Basic utilities (electricity, heating, water, garbage) for 915 sq ft apartment: €92
• Internet (60 Mbps or more): €37
• Mobile phone monthly plan with calls and 10GB+ data: €17
• Gym membership: €38

The cost of living in Funchal is approximately 13.5% lower than in Lisbon, and 56% lower than that of New York City.

Setting up a Bank Account

To open a bank account in Madeira as a foreigner, you'll typically need:

• Valid passport or EU ID card
• Portuguese tax number (NIF) - get this from your local tax office or fiscal rep
• Proof of address in Portugal
• Proof of income or employment
• Tax number of previous location

Major banks in Madeira include:

• Banco Santander Totta
• Millennium BCP
• Caixa Geral de Depósitos
• Novo Banco

Note that while some steps can be completed online, banks in Madeira typically require the account opener to be there in person. Alternatively, take your Tap card with you and use it for all your financial needs. From the app you can conveniently and securely manage all your currencies (crypto and fiat), pay bills locally and back home, and top up your card that can be used to swipe or tap around the island, as well as at ATMs. 

Getting Around Madeira

Transportation in Madeira is primarily by road:

• Public buses (Horários do Funchal) and bicycles are available and relatively inexpensive.
• TukTuks, double-decker buses and Segway tours are also highly rated, if you’re looking to sightsee.
• Car rentals are popular for exploring the island, but be prepared for steep, winding roads and plenty of tunnels.
• Cable cars in Funchal also offer scenic transportation and tourist experiences.

For inter-island travel to Porto Santo:

• Ferry services are available (2.5-hour journey)
• Short flights operate regularly

Accessing the Healthcare System

​​Foreigners moving to Madeira, Portugal, should know that the island offers a public healthcare system (Serviço Nacional de Saúde) accessible to residents, including expats with proper registration. 

EU/EEA citizens can use their European Health Insurance Card (EHIC) for short-term stays. For non-EU citizens or those seeking private care, private health insurance is recommended. 

Madeira has both public and private hospitals, with the main public hospital located in Funchal. Madeira has a good standard of healthcare, but for very specialised treatments, patients might be referred to mainland Portugal.

Learn the Language

While you can get by with English in tourist areas, learning Portuguese will make your experience that much smoother. Some useful phrases:

• "Olá" means "Hello."
• "Obrigado" (male) / "Obrigada" (female) means "Thank you."
• "Bom dia" means "Good morning."
• "Poncha" is a traditional Madeiran alcoholic drink, typically made with sugar cane rum, honey, sugar, and lemon juice.

To learn more, consider taking language classes at the University of Madeira or using apps like Duolingo or Babbel to get started.

Conclusion

Moving to Madeira offers a unique lifestyle with its mild climate, breathtaking landscapes, and welcoming local culture. With helpful resources available for navigating visa requirements, finding accommodation, and accessing healthcare, the transition to island life can be as smooth as the rum you’ll find there. 

Whether you're a digital nomad, retiree, or simply seeking a new adventure, Madeira provides an attractive mix of modern amenities and natural beauty, making it an ideal destination for expats.

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