Learning the friendly way

‍Bitcoin and Ethereum dominate headlines, but they represent just one approach to distributed ledger technology. While most projects iterate on blockchain's foundational concepts, Hedera Hashgraph (HBAR) takes a different approach, pursuing an entirely different architectural philosophy.

The result is a network engineered for enterprise-grade performance - processing thousands of transactions per second with deterministic fees and minimal energy consumption. Where many blockchain networks struggle with the scalability trilemma, Hedera's hashgraph consensus mechanism offers a compelling alternative that doesn't sacrifice security for speed.

What distinguishes Hedera in practice is its enterprise adoption trajectory. Major corporations across finance, healthcare, and supply chain management have moved beyond pilot programs to production deployments. This isn't theoretical adoption - it's measurable network activity from organizations with serious compliance and performance requirements.

Hedera has positioned itself as one of the most corporate-friendly distributed ledger technologies (DLTs) available today. But how exactly does it work, and why does it stand apart from the blockchain crowd?

The Basics: What Is Hedera Hashgraph?

Launched in 2018, Hedera Hashgraph is a distributed ledger technology that offers a genuine alternative to blockchain architecture. Instead of organizing transactions into sequential blocks like a digital filing cabinet, Hedera uses a directed acyclic graph (DAG) structure called the hashgraph. Think of it more like a web of interconnected transactions.

This design allows multiple transactions to be processed in parallel rather than waiting in a single-file line. The result? Hedera can handle over 10,000 transactions per second (TPS) with finality in just a few seconds, while Bitcoin manages about 6–8 TPS and Ethereum handles 12–15 TPS.

At its core, Hedera is engineered to tackle three persistent challenges that have plagued distributed ledger technology:

• Transactions settle in seconds, not the minutes or hours you might wait with other networks. This makes it possible to build applications where timing actually counts.
• Scalability without the usual trade-offs, The network can handle thousands of transactions simultaneously without slowing down or getting expensive when things get busy. Most blockchains struggle with this balancing act.
• Energy use that makes sense, unlike networks that consume as much electricity as small countries, Hedera runs efficiently enough that companies don't have to justify massive energy bills to their boards.

How Hedera Works: Gossip and Virtual Voting

Hedera's performance stems from its unique consensus mechanism, which combines two clever innovations that work together like a well-orchestrated dance.

Instead of broadcasting every transaction to the entire network simultaneously (imagine shouting news in a crowded room), nodes "gossip" by randomly sharing information with a few neighbors. Those nodes then pass it along to their neighbors, creating a ripple effect. Over time, the entire network organically learns about every transaction without the communication overhead. That is known as the “gossip-about-gossip protocol”.

Virtual voting is where things get interesting: once all nodes have the same historical record of gossip, they can independently calculate how the network would vote on each transaction. No actual vote messages need to be sent across the network. The outcome is mathematically deterministic based on the gossip history, saving significant time and bandwidth.

Together, these methods achieve asynchronous Byzantine fault tolerance (aBFT), which represents one of the highest levels of security available in distributed systems. This means the network can reach consensus and continue operating even if up to one-third of nodes act maliciously or fail completely.

Governance: The Hedera Council

Perhaps the most controversial, and arguably the most distinctive, aspect of Hedera is its governance model. Instead of leaving critical network decisions to anonymous miners or distributed token holders, Hedera operates under a Governing Council of up to 39 well-known global organizations.

Current members include companies like Google, IBM, Dell, Boeing, Standard Bank, Ubisoft, and other established corporations. Each council member holds an equal vote on network decisions, including software upgrades, fee structures, and treasury management.

The rationale is straightforward: provide stability, accountability, and long-term strategic planning. However, this structure has sparked ongoing debate within the crypto community. Critics argue it reduces decentralization compared to blockchain networks where theoretically anyone can participate in governance, while supporters contend it offers the predictability that many enterprises require for serious adoption.

Key Services of Hedera

Hedera functions as more than just a payment network. The platform offers three core services that developers and enterprises can leverage to build decentralized applications:

Hedera Consensus Service (HCS): Provides secure, immutable logs of events and data. This proves particularly valuable for supply chain tracking, regulatory audits, and maintaining data integrity in heavily regulated industries like healthcare and finance.

Hedera Token Service (HTS): Enables the creation and management of various token types, including stablecoins, NFTs, and tokenized assets. Built-in features like account-level controls and compliance tools make it especially appealing for enterprises that need to meet regulatory requirements.

Hedera Smart Contract Service (HSCS): Supports Ethereum-compatible smart contracts, allowing developers to build DeFi applications, games, and automation tools while benefiting from Hedera's superior speed and substantially lower transaction fees.

Real-World Applications

Hedera's enterprise-focused approach has translated into practical implementations across multiple sectors:

• Finance: Standard Bank leverages Hedera's infrastructure for faster, more transparent cross-border payment processing.
• Supply chain: Companies like Suku and Avery Dennison use Hedera for product traceability and logistics management, providing end-to-end visibility.
• Healthcare: Safe Health Systems employs the network to securely log medical and clinical trial data while maintaining strict patient privacy standards.
• Gaming: Animoca Brands integrates Hedera's technology to create fair and tamper-proof in-game economies and digital asset management.
• Sustainability: Environmental organizations use Hedera's consensus service to track carbon credits and monitor environmental impact data with immutable records.

These implementations highlight Hedera's positioning as an enterprise-focused platform, creating a distinct contrast to networks that primarily serve DeFi protocols or retail trading activities.

Understanding HBAR: The Native Token

Like most distributed ledger technologies, Hedera operates with its own native cryptocurrency: HBAR. The token serves two fundamental purposes within the ecosystem:

• Network fuel: HBAR is required to pay transaction fees and access network services, including consensus operations, tokenization features, and smart contract execution.
• Network security: Node operators stake HBAR tokens to participate in consensus and help secure the network infrastructure.

One of Hedera's most practical advantages lies in its cost structure. A typical transaction costs approximately $0.0001, it’s economical enough to enable microtransactions and machine-to-machine payment scenarios that would be prohibitively expensive on other networks.

The total supply of HBAR is capped at 50 billion tokens. The distribution follows a controlled release schedule designed to avoid sudden market flooding while ensuring adequate liquidity for network operations.

How Hedera Compares to Other Networks

To understand Hedera's market position, it's helpful to consider how it stacks up against established blockchain models:

Proof-of-Work (PoW), exemplified by Bitcoin, is highly secure and battle-tested, but notoriously slow and energy-intensive.

Proof-of-Stake (PoS), used by Ethereum 2.0, is more energy-efficient than PoW, but can lead to wealth concentration among large token holders.

Lastly, Hedera Hashgraph uses gossip protocols and virtual voting to achieve speed, security, and efficiency simultaneously, while operating under corporate governance rather than anonymous network participants.

The trade-off is crystal-clear. Hedera prioritizes corporate trust, performance, and regulatory clarity, while accepting criticism that it may sacrifice some degree of decentralization compared to traditional blockchain networks.

The Challenges Ahead

Despite its technical strengths and enterprise adoption, Hedera faces some hurdles that could impact its long-term trajectory. The Governing Council model continues to raise questions about whether Hedera represents genuine decentralization or simply distributed corporate control, a debate that matters deeply to the broader crypto community's acceptance. Meanwhile, established networks like Solana, Avalanche, and Ethereum maintain their dominance over ecosystem development, making it challenging for Hedera to attract the vibrant developer communities that drive innovation.

The platform also faces an adoption challenge. While it excels in enterprise use cases, Hedera could broaden its appeal beyond corporate applications to achieve the kind of recognition that sustains long-term growth. Moreover, like all cryptocurrency projects, Hedera must navigate evolving regulatory frameworks across multiple jurisdictions, each with their own compliance requirements and restrictions.

Nevertheless, Hedera's focus on performance, enterprise-grade reliability, and regulatory compliance could provide resilience in certain market conditions where other projects would struggle to maintain institutional confidence.

HBAR ETF on the Horizon

Over the past several months, talk of a potential HBAR ETF has gained traction. An ETF would offer institutional and retail investors exposure to HBAR without needing to manage wallets, private keys, or direct custody. That kind of access lowers the entry-level barrier. Moreover, SEC approval of a Hedera ETF would imply a level of oversight, due diligence, and compliance that can help reduce perceived risks among cautious or regulated investors. It puts HBAR closer to the realm of mainstream finance instruments.

The U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) recently pushed back the decision on the Canary HBAR ETF to November 8. The ETF was proposed by Nasdaq back in February; the SEC has delayed the decision twice already. Despite the most recent delay, however, market analysts remain optimistic. Bloomberg’s analysts, for instance, maintain a 90% likelihood of ETF approval in the near term.

The Future of Hedera

Hedera stands out in a crowded field by taking a completely different approach than most blockchain projects. Instead of following the usual playbook, they built something that actually works for businesses: fast transactions, costs you can predict, and energy usage that won't make your CFO cringe.

The real test isn't whether Hedera can keep doing what it's doing well. It's whether they can stay relevant as the whole distributed ledger world keeps evolving at breakneck speed. But here's the thing: while everyone else was busy trying to be the next Bitcoin, Hedera quietly built something that Fortune 500 companies actually want to use.

Whether that bet pays off long-term is anyone's guess. What's not up for debate is that they've proven there's more than one way to build a distributed ledger, and sometimes the road less traveled leads somewhere pretty interesting.

‍

Why can't a fully compliant, regulated crypto business secure a bank account in 2025?

If you're operating in this space, you already know the answer. You've lived through it. You've submitted the documentation, walked through your AML procedures, and demonstrated your regulatory compliance… only to be rejected. Or worse still, waking up to find your existing account frozen, with no real explanation and no path forward.

This isn't about isolated cases or bad actors being weeded out. It's a pattern of systematic risk aversion that's creating real barriers to growth across the entire sector, and it's throttling one of the most significant financial innovations of our generation.

We're Tap, and we're building the infrastructure that traditional banks refuse to provide.

The Economics Behind the Blockade

Let's examine what's actually driving this exclusion, because it's rarely about the reasons banks cite publicly.

The European Banking Authority has explicitly warned against unwarranted de-risking, noting it causes "severe consequences" and financial exclusion of legitimate customers. Yet the practice continues, driven by two fundamental economic pressures that have nothing to do with your business's actual risk profile.

The compliance cost calculation

Financial crime compliance across EMEA costs organizations approximately $85 billion annually. For traditional banks, the math is simple: serving crypto businesses requires specialized expertise, enhanced monitoring, and ongoing due diligence. As a result, it's cheaper to reject the entire sector than to build the infrastructure needed to serve it properly.

The regulatory capital burden

New EU regulations impose a 1,250% risk weight on unbacked crypto assets such as Bitcoin and Ethereum. This isn't a compliance requirement; it's a capital penalty that makes crypto exposure commercially unviable for traditional institutions, regardless of the actual risk individual clients present.

In the UK, approximately 90% of crypto firm registration applications have been rejected or withdrawn, often citing inadequate AML controls. Whether those assessments are accurate or not, they've created the perfect justification for blanket rejection policies.

The result? Compliant businesses are being treated the same as bad actors; not because of what they've done, but because of the sector they're in.

The Real Cost of Financial Exclusion

Financial exclusion isn’t just an hiccup; it creates tangible operational barriers that ripple through every part of running a crypto business. 

Firms that have secured MiCA authorization, built robust compliance programs, and met regulatory requirements can find themselves locked out of basic banking services. Essential fiat on-ramps and off-ramps remain inaccessible, slowing payments, limiting growth, and complicating cash flow management.

Individual cases illustrate the problem vividly as well. Accounts are closed because a business receives a payment from a regulated exchange. Others are dropped with vague references to “commercial decisions,” offering no substantive justification. Founders frequently struggle to separate personal and business finances, as both are considered too risky to serve.

The irony is striking. By refusing service to compliant businesses, traditional banks aren’t mitigating risk; they’re amplifying it. Forced to operate through less regulated channels, these legitimate firms face higher operational and compliance risks, slower transactions, and reduced investor confidence. Over time, this slows innovation, and raises the cost of doing business for firms that are legally and technically sound.

Debanking Beyond Europe: U.S. Crypto Firms Face Their Own Challenges

Limited access to banking services isn’t exclusive to Europe. Leading firms in the U.S. crypto industry have faced numerous challenges regarding the banking blockade. Alex Konanykhin, CEO of Unicoin, described repeated account closures by major banks such as Citi, JPMorgan, and Wells Fargo, noting that access was cut off without explanation. Unicoin’s experience echoes a broader sentiment among crypto executives who argue that traditional financial institutions remain wary of digital asset businesses despite recent policy shifts toward a more pro-innovation stance.

Jesse Powell, co-founder of Kraken, has also spoken out about being dropped by long-time banking partners, calling the practice “financial censorship in disguise.” Caitlin Long, founder of Custodia Bank, recounted how her institution was repeatedly denied services. Gemini founders Tyler Winklevoss and Cameron Winklevoss shared similar frustrations.

These experiences reveal a pattern many in the industry interpret as systemic risk aversion. Even in a market as large and mature as the United States, crypto-focused businesses continue to encounter obstacles in maintaining basic financial infrastructure. The issue became especially acute after the collapse of crypto-friendly banks such as Silvergate, Signature, and Moonstone; institutions that once served as key bridges between fiat and digital assets. Their exit left a gap few traditional players have been willing to fill.

Why Tap Exists

The crypto industry has reached an inflection point. Regulatory frameworks like MiCA are providing clarity. Institutional adoption is accelerating. The technology is proven and tested. But the fundamental infrastructure gap remains: access to business banking that actually works for digital asset businesses.

This is precisely why we built Tap for Business. 

We provide business accounts with dedicated EUR and GBP IBANs specifically designed for crypto companies and businesses that interact with digital assets. This isn't a side offering or an experiment, it's our core focus.

Our approach is straightforward

We built our infrastructure for this sector
Rather than retrofitting traditional banking systems to reluctantly accommodate crypto businesses, we designed our compliance, monitoring, and operational frameworks specifically for digital asset flows. This means we can properly assess and serve businesses that others automatically reject.

We price in the actual risk, not the sector
Blanket rejection policies exist because they're cheap and simple. We take a different approach: evaluating each business based on their actual controls, compliance posture, and operational reality. It costs more, but it's the only way to serve this market properly.

We're committed to sector normalization
Every time a legitimate crypto business is forced to operate without proper banking infrastructure, it reinforces outdated stigmas. By providing professional financial services to compliant businesses, we're helping demonstrate what should be obvious: crypto companies can and should be served by the financial system.

It isn't about taking on risks that others won't. It's about properly evaluating risks that others refuse to understand.

Moving Forward

The industry is maturing. Regulatory clarity is emerging. Institutional adoption is accelerating. But you can't put your business on hold while traditional banks slowly catch up to reality.

That's not sustainable in the long run.

As a firm, you shouldn't have to beg for a bank account. You shouldn't have to downplay your crypto operations just to access basic financial services. And you certainly shouldn't have to accept that systematic exclusion with little to no explanation other than “It’s just how things are."

The crypto sector is building the future of finance. Your banking partner should believe in that future too. If you're ready to work with financial infrastructure built for your business, not in spite of it, here we are.

Talk today with one of our experts to understand how we can help your business access the banking infrastructure you need.

Classée parmi les cinq premières cryptomonnaies mondiales, Tether a su s’imposer comme la référence des stablecoins. Avec l’un des volumes d’échange les plus élevés chaque jour, elle occupe une place incontournable dans l’écosystème crypto. Plongeons ensemble dans les coulisses de cette monnaie numérique pas comme les autres.

Depuis l’émergence de l’argent numérique, son utilisation s’est considérablement développée, tout comme les débats autour des risques potentiels de ce nouveau modèle. Là où certains investisseurs traditionnels pointent du doigt la volatilité des cryptomonnaies, d’autres y voient une formidable opportunité. Dans de nombreuses régions du monde, l’accès aux services financiers est devenu beaucoup plus simple : une simple connexion internet suffit, là où les processus bancaires classiques sont souvent longs et contraignants.

En matière de sécurité et de transparence, les monnaies numériques viennent répondre à des problématiques que l’on retrouve dans les marchés traditionnels. Si certains qualifient encore le Bitcoin et les cryptos en général de "risqués" ou de "bulle", ces nouvelles solutions ont pourtant permis de moderniser des systèmes anciens, parfois dépassés.

Tether (USDT), c’est quoi exactement ?

Tether (USDT) est une cryptomonnaie adossée au dollar américain, que l’on appelle plus couramment un stablecoin. Les stablecoins sont conçus pour refléter la valeur d’une devise ou d’une matière première, dans ce cas précis à un ratio de 1:1 avec le dollar US.

Lancé en 2014 sous le nom de Realcoin, Tether est en fait le tout premier stablecoin au monde. Initialement hébergé sur le protocole Omni Layer de la blockchain Bitcoin, il est aujourd’hui compatible avec de nombreuses blockchains, telles qu’Ethereum, TRON, EOS, Algorand, Solana ou encore OMG Network.

Pour garantir la stabilité de sa valeur, Tether s’appuie sur des réserves équivalentes à la quantité de tokens en circulation. Ces réserves sont constituées d’une combinaison de billets de trésorerie, dépôts, espèces, opérations de pension livrée et bons du Trésor. Bien que des débats aient parfois émergé quant à la transparence de ces réserves, cela n’a pas freiné la popularité croissante de Tether.

L’objectif principal de Tether est clair : proposer un actif numérique stable qui exploite la puissance de la blockchain, tout en évitant les fortes fluctuations que l’on observe souvent sur les marchés des cryptomonnaies. Pour en savoir plus en détail sur le fonctionnement de Tether, n’hésitez pas à consulter leur site officiel.

Quelle est la valeur de Tether (USDT) ?

Contrairement à la majorité des cryptos dont la valeur dépend de l’offre et de la demande, les stablecoins sont rattachés à une devise ou une matière première de référence. Leur prix reste donc aligné avec celui de la valeur sous-jacente, en général selon un ratio 1:1. Dans le cas de Tether, cela signifie que sa valeur correspond à celle du dollar américain.

Même si sa valeur est constante, il est intéressant de noter que Tether figure parmi les cryptomonnaies les plus échangées au monde, témoignant de son rôle central sur le marché.

Qui est à l’origine de Tether ?

Comme évoqué plus tôt, Tether a vu le jour en 2014 sous le nom de Realcoin, grâce à l’initiative de Brock Pierce (investisseur Bitcoin), Reeve Collins (entrepreneur) et Craig Sellars (développeur). Rebaptisé ensuite USTether, le token a finalement adopté le nom que l’on connaît aujourd’hui : USDT.

Ces trois cofondateurs ont chacun une expérience solide dans l’univers des cryptos et sont impliqués dans plusieurs projets blockchain. Leur société a d’ailleurs élargi sa gamme de stablecoins pour répondre aux besoins de différents marchés, en lançant notamment un Tether adossé à l’euro (EURT), au yuan chinois (CNHT), ou encore à l’or (XAUT).

Comment fonctionne Tether ?

Tether n’a pas sa propre blockchain dédiée. À la place, il fonctionne comme un token de seconde couche, hébergé sur des blockchains déjà établies comme Bitcoin, Ethereum, EOS, Tron, Algorand, Bitcoin Cash ou encore OMG.

USDT s’utilise donc comme toute autre cryptomonnaie : il est stocké dans des portefeuilles compatibles avec la blockchain sur laquelle il est émis. Petite précision importante : il n’est pas possible de transférer des USDT émis sur Ethereum vers un portefeuille basé sur Tron, par exemple. Les transactions doivent rester sur la même blockchain pour éviter toute perte de fonds.

Chaque token USDT en circulation est censé être couvert par un montant équivalent en réserves, sous forme de dollars américains ou d’autres équivalents liquides et actifs financiers. Grâce à cette structure, Tether offre aux utilisateurs une stabilité dans un environnement de marché souvent imprévisible. Il permet notamment de réaliser des échanges en dollars, que ce soit à l’échelle locale ou internationale, sans craindre les variations de prix. C’est aussi un outil précieux pour ceux qui souhaitent limiter l’exposition aux baisses brutales des marchés.

Qu’est-ce que l’USDT ?

USDT est donc un stablecoin rattaché au dollar américain, avec un ratio de 1:1. Sous la marque Tether, il est aujourd’hui le stablecoin le plus utilisé dans le monde. Il n’existe pas de limite fixe d’émission, et on comptait environ 72,5 milliards de tokens en circulation au moment de la rédaction de cet article.

USDT offre un refuge numérique pour ceux qui souhaitent conserver la valeur de leurs actifs sans passer par la conversion en monnaie fiduciaire, en particulier lors des périodes de forte volatilité sur les marchés.

Comment acheter des USDT ?

Si vous souhaitez intégrer Tether (USDT) à votre portefeuille crypto, rien de plus simple. Via l’application mobile Tap, après avoir complété une vérification KYC, vous aurez accès à de nombreux marchés crypto et pourrez stocker vos actifs numériques dans des portefeuilles intégrés à l’application.

La technologie blockchain et les cryptomonnaies ouvrent un champ des possibles immense. Grâce à l’application Tap, vous pouvez gérer vos actifs numériques et traditionnels facilement, tout en profitant d’applications concrètes comme la carte Tap, qui vous permet d’effectuer des paiements auprès de plus de 40 millions de commerçants dans le monde.

‍

Polkastarter represents one of the leading decentralised launchpad platforms in the blockchain ecosystem, focused on empowering early-stage crypto projects to raise funds and launch tokens. First launched in December 2020, it has established itself as a prominent player in the Initial DEX Offering (IDO) space, providing a secure and efficient environment for project launches.

The platform has facilitated the launch of over 100 projects, demonstrating its significant impact on the crypto funding landscape. Polkastarter also features a dedicated marketing team, including video production and design, providing support beyond just the technical infrastructure.

TLDR

Multi-chain launchpad: Polkastarter is a decentralised platform that enables crypto projects to conduct token sales and fundraising campaigns across multiple blockchain networks.

Fixed-price swaps: The platform's main offering is its fixed-swap smart contract, which allows projects to easily launch liquidity pools that execute orders at a fixed price, rather than using traditional AMM models.

Cross-chain support: Polkastarter currently supports Ethereum, BNB Chain, Polygon, Celo, and Avalanche, providing flexibility for projects across different ecosystems.

Native token (POLS): POLS serves as the platform's utility token, providing access to IDO participation, governance rights, and various platform benefits.

What is Polkastarter (POLS)?

Polkastarter is a decentralised launchpad platform designed to democratise access to early-stage crypto investments through Initial DEX Offerings (IDOs). The platform serves as a bridge between innovative blockchain projects seeking funding and investors looking for early access to promising tokens.

The platform's core innovation lies in its fixed-swap mechanism, which provides predictable pricing for token sales rather than the variable pricing models used by automated market makers. This approach offers greater transparency and certainty for both projects and investors during token launch events.

Beyond the launchpad functionality, Polkastarter runs an internal incubation and advisory program, bringing together experience and lessons learned from 100+ project launches to nurture and grow Web3 projects, helping to ensure that projects launched on the platform receive proper guidance and support.

The platform takes security seriously by carefully reviewing each project before allowing it to launch. This screening process helps ensure that only legitimate, high-quality projects reach investors, protecting users from scams and poorly developed tokens.

Who created Polkastarter?

Polkastarter was founded in 2020 by Daniel Stockhaus, Tiago Martins, and Miguel Leite. The founding team brought together diverse expertise in business development, technology, and product management to address the growing need for reliable fundraising infrastructure in the decentralised finance space.

Daniel Stockhaus serves as CEO and Co-founder, leading the platform's strategic direction and business development efforts. Under his leadership, the platform has grown from a startup concept to one of the most recognised launchpad platforms in the crypto industry.

The founding team recognised the challenges faced by early-stage crypto projects in accessing capital and the difficulties investors encountered in finding legitimate investment opportunities. Their solution was to create a platform that could serve both sides of this equation while maintaining high standards for security and project quality.

How does Polkastarter work?

Launchpad mechanism

To participate in token launches, users need to hold POLS tokens, with different amounts unlocking various access levels. The more POLS you hold, the better your chances of getting into popular launches and the more you can invest.

Projects set fixed prices for their tokens rather than using changing market prices. This means investors know exactly what they're paying and how many tokens they'll get before they invest.

Multi-chain infrastructure

Polkastarter works across several different blockchains, so projects can pick the one that best fits their needs. Some chains have lower fees, others are faster, and some have different user communities.

Project curation and support

As mentioned above, before any project can launch on Polkastarter, it goes through a thorough review process. The team checks the technology, verifies who's behind the project, and evaluates whether the business makes sense.

Projects also get help with marketing, strategy advice, and technical support to give them the best chance of success both during their launch and afterwards.

What Is POLS?

POLS is the native utility token of the Polkastarter ecosystem, serving a range of functions within the ecosystem:

• Tier access: Users must hold and stake POLS tokens to access different participation tiers in IDO launches, with higher holdings providing better benefits and guaranteed allocations.
• Governance rights: POLS holders can participate in platform governance decisions, voting on proposals that affect the platform's future development and policies.
• Staking rewards: Token holders can stake their POLS to earn rewards while maintaining their tier status for IDO participation.
• Platform fees: POLS can be used to pay for various platform services and may provide discounts on transaction fees.

How can I buy and sell POLS?

POLS tokens are available on Tap, allowing verified users to easily buy, sell, and trade the token. Before investing in POLS, we encourage you to consider how useful the token is on the Polkastarter platform and how much the launchpad space is growing. The token’s value depends largely on the platform’s success and how widely IDO fundraising is adopted.

‍

Le terme TradFi, diminutif de traditional finance (finance traditionnelle), est né dans l’univers des cryptomonnaies. Il sert à désigner l’ensemble des institutions financières centralisées comme les banques de détail, les banques commerciales ou d’investissement. L’idée est de différencier ces acteurs du monde décentralisé de la finance crypto, aussi appelé DeFi.

Qu’est-ce que la TradFi (finance traditionnelle) ?

La TradFi regroupe toutes les institutions financières classiques, mais aussi des entreprises fintech qui opèrent dans le système financier centralisé actuel. Ces entités sont fortement réglementées par les gouvernements, possèdent des bureaux physiques et offrent des services bancaires depuis des décennies.

Ces plateformes — comme JPMorgan Chase, Goldman Sachs, ou encore PayPal, SoFi et Square — exécutent les transactions via des systèmes centralisés. Elles imposent généralement des barrières à l’entrée élevées ainsi que des processus de vérification d’identité (KYC) et de lutte contre le blanchiment d’argent (AML) très rigoureux.

Les avantages de la finance traditionnelle

Seules les entreprises accréditées et réglementées peuvent fournir des services financiers en TradFi. En cas de problème, les clients peuvent déposer une plainte et espérer obtenir un recours via les autorités compétentes.

Les procédures strictes (comme le KYC) permettent également de limiter les fraudes, rendant plus difficile l’accès aux systèmes bancaires pour les individus malveillants.

Par ailleurs, la TradFi collabore avec les autorités pour surveiller les flux financiers suspects, chose plus complexe dans l’univers crypto où l’anonymat est souvent la norme.

Mais aussi quelques limites

Si la finance traditionnelle offre un cadre sécurisé, elle présente aussi des freins à l’innovation. L’excès de réglementation et de bureaucratie ralentit les évolutions technologiques. Et surtout, elle exclut une partie de la population mondiale qui ne remplit pas les critères requis pour accéder aux services financiers.

L’avenir pourrait bien reposer sur une collaboration entre TradFi, crypto et blockchain, pour bâtir une nouvelle infrastructure plus inclusive, rapide et résiliente.

TradFi vs DeFi : deux visions opposées

La DeFi (finance décentralisée) repose sur des blockchains et des smart contracts. Elle permet aux utilisateurs d’accéder à des services financiers sans intermédiaire, de manière directe et automatisée.

Principales différences :

• Dans la TradFi, les fonds sont émis par une banque et les transactions sont validées par des institutions.
• En DeFi, les fonds sont générés par un protocole blockchain, et les transactions sont validées par des smart contracts.
• L’accessibilité est plus grande en DeFi : une simple connexion Internet et du collatéral suffisent. En TradFi, les utilisateurs doivent passer par des vérifications strictes : revenus, historique bancaire, situation légale, etc.

TradFi vs CeFi : entre centralisation et innovation

La CeFi (finance centralisée) est un modèle hybride qui combine le meilleur de la TradFi et de la DeFi. Les plateformes CeFi permettent aux utilisateurs d’accéder à des services crypto (comme les échanges ou les comptes rémunérés) via une structure centralisée.

Certaines plateformes permettent, par exemple, d’emprunter des fonds en crypto contre un dépôt de garantie, comme dans un prêt bancaire — mais sans dossier à constituer.

💡 À noter : contrairement à la TradFi, les dépôts sur CeFi ne sont généralement pas assurés par l’État, ce qui en fait un environnement plus risqué.

Quelle place pour la TradFi dans l’écosystème crypto ?

Comme toute industrie, la finance traditionnelle doit évoluer avec son temps. Aujourd’hui, la blockchain et les actifs numériques sont au cœur d’une transformation majeure du système financier.

Pour rester pertinentes, les institutions TradFi vont devoir intégrer progressivement les cryptomonnaies et les technologies blockchain dans leurs services. Cela pourrait également faciliter l’encadrement réglementaire de la crypto, en l’intégrant dans un environnement déjà structuré.

Bien qu’encore séparés aujourd’hui, la TradFi et la crypto pourraient fusionner sur certains segments comme les prêts, l’assurance ou l’épargne. Une convergence qui pourrait allier stabilité réglementaire, innovation technologique et accessibilité à grande échelle.

‍

As 2025 comes to a close, Bitcoin is still standing at a crossroads. From its recent drop to a low near $80,000 to a rebound above $94,000, price action has been volatile, and sentiment even more so. What follows is a deeper look at what could shape Bitcoin’s path through the year-end: who’s holding, what’s shifting under the surface, and which scenario is playing out now.

What’s Working Under the Hood

Whales Keep Hoarding

After a period of heavy distribution, large-holder wallets are showing renewed accumulation. According to recent on-chain data, whales resumed accumulation in early December, netting nearly 47,600 BTC after offloading over 113,000 BTC between October and November.

This shift stabilizes price around the $89,000 to $92,000 zone and signals renewed confidence from some of the biggest holders. Meanwhile exchange balances keep making lower lows in spite of recent volatility, which suggests selling pressure may be diminishing.

Liquidity, Rate Cuts & Risk Appetite Are Back in the Menu

Bitcoin’s prospects aren’t just about on-chain flows. Macro conditions seem to be aligning too. Growing odds of a rate cut by the Federal Reserve could fuel a late-year rebound for crypto more broadly. That said, macro risks remain real: global economic uncertainty, rate-sensitive flows, and volatility in the stock market mean BTC could remain tethered to broader risk sentiment. Still, if liquidity conditions improve and the environment remains risk-on, Bitcoin and crypto as a whole could benefit.

Key Technical Zones & What They Mean

Right now, Bitcoin trades around $92,000, having tested $94,500 in the past 24 hours. That places BTC squarely in a “decision zone.” On one side lies the psychological resistance zone near $100,000 to $105,000, with the 200-day moving average rubbing the $100,000 level. How price behaves inside these zones, will likely determine if we see a year-end push or a drawn-out consolidation.

Two Scenarios for the Closing Days of 2025

Scenario A: Stabilization

This is the base case. It assumes:

• Continued whale accumulation and reduced exchange supply
• Macro tailwinds from improved liquidity and calming rate expectations
• Spot demand (retail + institutional) remains stable or improves

BTC could nudge toward the $100,000 resistance level. A clean break above this level (particularly if on-chain flows remain constructive and spot demand returns) would be a technical development worth watching, as it could open the door to a retest of recent highs or further upward movement.

Scenario B: Quiet Consolidation

In this scenario, volatility remains high, but structural forces push for balance rather than breakout. That might occur if:

• Macro risks re-emerge (rate uncertainty, global liquidity tightening)
• Spot demand remains timid or institutional flows stall
• Whales stay cautious and accumulation slows

This is what could play out. BTC trades sideways through year-end. The $100,000 mark remains elusive, perhaps tested a few times, but never cleanly taken out. Consolidation would become the theme. On the flip side, this path would offer stability and may set up a more sustainable base.

Nothing is set in stone, especially in crypto. More extreme scenarios remain possible, from a retest of the $75,000 to $80,000 zone to a fresh push toward new all-time highs. But based on current market sentiment and derivatives positioning, the scenarios outlined above represent the most grounded paths forward.

A Quiet Setup with Potential

Bitcoin doesn’t seem to be roaring toward $150K or 200K by year-end like many expected a few months ago. What’s playing out instead is quieter and more foundational. If this foundation holds, Bitcoin could grind higher toward the $100,000 to $105,000 zone before 2026, in an optimistic but a realistic scenario. If macro turbulence or weak demand returns, however, consolidation around the low $90ks remains the most likely path.

Sure, 2025 hasn't delivered the explosive rally some had circled on their calendars. But beyond price action, the foundation is strengthening: institutional adoption is accelerating, regulatory clarity is emerging, and infrastructure is maturing faster than ever. And let's not forget, December has delivered surprises before. Bitcoin has a history of wrapping up the year with unexpected gifts. Whether that leads to a late-year breakout or simply a stable base heading into 2026, you can always follow along and watch a holiday rally if one decides to show up.

‍