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Let's talk about cryptocurrency payments in plain and simple English: think of crypto as digital money that works over the internet. With more than 420 million people already using it worldwide, and big companies like Microsoft and Starbucks now accepting it as payment - crypto has officially landed in the mainstream.
Why people love using crypto for payments
It's cheaper to use
Remember the last time you sent money abroad? Those fees probably weren't fun. Crypto usually costs much less to send, whether you're paying someone across the street or across the world.
It's super fast
With regular bank transfers, you might wait days for your money to arrive. With crypto, payments usually go through in minutes. It's like sending an email instead of waiting for a letter in the mail.
It's really safe
Crypto uses a special technology called blockchain that makes it very hard for anyone to cheat or steal. Think of it like a digital safe that keeps getting stronger every time someone uses it.
It works everywhere
Crypto doesn't care about country borders. You can pay anyone, anywhere, anytime. No need to worry about different currencies or bank holidays.
The numbers that matter
More businesses are jumping on board every day. In 2021, people used crypto for over $754 million worth of payments, with this number growing by roughly 17% each year. As more businesses incorporate crypto into their payment systems, they have found more customers making larger checkouts.
How to pay with crypto (it's easier than you think)
- Pick crypto at checkout: Just like choosing credit card or PayPal
- Scan or copy: Use your phone to scan a QR code or copy a payment address
- Send your payment: Click to send from your digital wallet
- Wait a minute: Your payment gets confirmed quickly
- You're done: The store gets their payment, and you get your stuff
Advantages of using crypto
For shoppers:
- Your personal information stays private
- No one can steal your card details
- Payments go through quickly
- Works the same way everywhere in the world
For businesses:
- Get paid faster
- Spend less money on processing fees
- Reach customers everywhere
- No worries about fake payments
Is it hard to start using crypto?
Not at all! If you can use a smartphone app, you can use crypto. Here's what you need:
- Get a digital wallet (it's like having a banking app)
- Buy some crypto, Bitcoin is often a good place to start
- Start paying at places that accept it
Looking to the future
More and more stores and websites are starting to accept crypto every day. It's becoming as normal as using a credit card or mobile payment. Sure, it's new and different, but so was paying with a card instead of cash when that first started.
Simple tips for using crypto
- Start small until you're comfortable
- Double-check addresses before sending
- Keep your wallet information safe
- Use well-known services and stores
Why this matters
Whether you're a shopper who wants more ways to pay or a business owner looking to reach more customers, crypto payments are worth checking out. They're:
- Fast
- Safe
- Work everywhere
- Usually cheaper than regular payment methods
The bottom line
Cryptocurrency isn't just for tech experts anymore. It's becoming a normal way to pay for things, just like credit cards and digital wallets. While it might seem new and different at first, it's actually pretty simple to use once you try it.
Remember: You don't need to understand all the complex technology behind crypto to use it, just like you don't need to know how a credit card machine works to swipe your card at the store.
Ready to try?
If you're curious about using crypto for payments, start small. Simply download the Tap app from your Tap store (we encourage you to read the reviews and information before engaging in any crypto app - we’re confident you’ll still choose Tap) and create an account.
You will then need to complete a quick identity verification step (NB no matter which crypto platform you might go with) and once you’re verified you can buy any cryptocurrency you like. If you’re looking to pay with crypto, it is worth noting that Bitcoin is the most widely accepted.
Then try buying something inexpensive from a well-known store that accepts crypto using the steps above. The process should be as smooth as if you were using your digital card. If you run into any difficulties, we have 24/7 customer support in the app that will gladly help you through.

Det här året har vi sett en stadig men märkbar återhämtning på kryptomarknaden efter den kyliga kryptovintern 2022. Faktorer som minskad inflation och en något lugnare makroekonomisk situation har gett kryptovärlden utrymme att vända uppåt och visa gröna siffror igen. Även om vägen tillbaka till 2021 års nivåer kan bli lång, så finns det definitivt hopp i horisonten.
Innan vi dyker djupare, låt oss först kika på tidigare kryptoboostar kopplade till Bitcoin-halveringar. Historiskt sett har prisökningar ofta skett några månader efter en halvering av Bitcoin. Effekten brukar märkas tolv till arton månader efter själva halveringen.
I den här artikeln ligger fokus främst på Bitcoin, eftersom kryptovalutan har en tung position i hela industrin. Bitcoin-trender tenderar att sätta tonen för många andra altcoins, även om det såklart inte är en exakt vetenskap. Men när Bitcoin går in i en haussefas följer ofta andra kryptovalutor med – och samma gäller när priset faller.
Vad är en Bitcoin-halvering?
Satoshi Nakamoto, personen eller gruppen bakom Bitcoin, utgick från tanken att brist på tillgång skapar värde. När Bitcoin designades fastställdes att det aldrig skulle finnas fler än 21 miljoner coins. Dessa kan visserligen delas upp i mindre enheter, men maxgränsen förblir densamma.
För att utnyttja denna knapphet och säkerställa en jämn fördelning av nya coins skapade Nakamoto halveringsmekanismen. Den ser till att Bitcoin förblir en deflationär tillgång, styr hur många nya coins som förs in i omlopp och skapar naturliga svängningar på marknaden.
För att förstå halveringar behöver vi först förstå hur Bitcoins utvinns. Genom ett decentraliserat nätverk samlas nya transaktioner i en så kallad mempool i väntan på bekräftelse. Miners tävlar sedan om att verifiera dem genom att lösa ett avancerat kryptografiskt problem. Den som lyckas först får äran att verifiera transaktionerna – och dessutom ta hem belöningen.
När alla transaktioner är verifierade sammanställs de i ett block som läggs till i blockkedjan i kronologisk ordning. Minern får då både transaktionsavgifter och en blockbelöning som tack för insatsen.
Varje gång 210 000 block skapats, vilket sker ungefär vart fjärde år, halveras blockbelöningen. När Bitcoin lanserades 2009 låg belöningen på 50 BTC per block — idag är den nere på 6,25 BTC. Oavsett marknadspris sker dessa halveringar automatiskt enligt den kod som Bitcoin bygger på, och kan inte ändras.
Tillbakablick på tidigare bull runs
Bitcoins första mini-hausse
Den allra första noterade "bull run" inträffade i april 2011 då Bitcoinpriset ökade med hela 3 000 % på tre månader. Från 1 dollar i april till 32 dollar i juni — men euforin blev kortvarig och priset föll tillbaka till runt 2 dollar i november.
Samma år genomfördes Bitcoins första halvering i november, och priset låg då kring 13–14 dollar.
2012-halveringen / 2013-hausse
Efter halveringen steg priset från 13 till 30 dollar under de första månaderna. I april nådde Bitcoin sitt dåvarande rekord på 100 dollar, vilket skapade nyfikenhet även utanför kryptokretsarna. I november, ett år efter halveringen, bröt Bitcoin 1 000-dollarsgränsen. Men även denna gång blev topparna kortlivade – en månad senare var priset tillbaka runt 530 dollar.
2016-halveringen / 2017-hausse
Nästa halvering skedde i juli 2016 när priset låg runt 600 dollar. Efter några år av volatilitet mellan 100 och 900 dollar klättrade Bitcoin återigen till 1 000 dollar i januari 2017, sex månader efter halveringen.
I maj hade priset dubblats till 2 000 dollar, och i december nådde det nästan 20 000 dollar.
Detta utlöste en riktig Bitcoin-feber. Krypton blev ett hett samtalsämne i mainstreammedia, och marknaden exploderade med nya projekt och så kallade ICO:er (Initial Coin Offerings). Diskussionerna om användaracceptans och reglering tog fart på allvar.
Ett år senare, i december 2018, hade priset rasat till 3 236 dollar. I december 2019 låg det runt 7 200 dollar.
2020-halveringen / 2021-hausse
2020 drabbades världen av pandemin, som skakade globala ekonomier i grunden. Trots detta visade sig kryptoindustrin vara mer motståndskraftig än många andra marknader.
Bitcoin föll nästan 50 % till 4 900 dollar i mars 2020, men återhämtade sig till 9 000 dollar i maj då nästa halvering inträffade. Priset fortsatte stiga till 29 374 dollar i december, en ny toppnotering.
I början av 2021 fördubblades priset till 64 000 dollar i april. Efter en nedgång till cirka 30 000 dollar i juli rusade det återigen till 68 000 dollar i november.
Men 2022 kom osäkerheten tillbaka. Geopolitiska spänningar, inklusive Rysslands invasion av Ukraina, pressade globala priser på bland annat bränsle. Räntorna höjdes till rekordnivåer och fortsatta problem i leveranskedjor skapade nya svårigheter.
När flera kryptonätverk och börser dessutom föll samman, började många dra sig ur marknaden. Bitcoin föll under 20 000 dollar för första gången på två år, och kryptovintern 2022 var ett faktum.
2023 blev heller inte det genombrottsåret som många hade hoppats på, trots en prisökning på cirka 29 % över året.
Är vi på väg mot nästa kryptoboost?
Trots allt har marknadsindikatorer som Bitcoin Fear and Greed Index (vid skrivande stund) visat ett glädjande skifte — från "Extrem rädsla" till ett "Girighet"-läge. Det här är ett positivt tecken jämfört med 2022 och tyder, enligt vissa analyser, på att marknaden befinner sig i en ackumuleringsfas.
Enligt Wyckoffs marknadscykel är detta ett förstadium till den så kallade "mark-up-fasen", vilket brukar signalera slutet på en björnmarknad.
Marknaden för digitala tillgångar är fortfarande volatil och oförutsägbar — ingen kan med säkerhet säga vad som väntar de kommande månaderna eller åren. Men historiskt sett har bull runs ofta följt efter Bitcoin-halveringar, så luta dig tillbaka och håll ögonen öppna. Det kan bli en riktigt spännande resa!
Solana är en högpresterande blockkedja som använder en unik konsensusmekanism för att uppnå både höga transaktionshastigheter och säkerhet. Tack vare sin användarvänliga design används plattformen redan av stora aktörer runt om i världen. Här går vi igenom vad Solana (SOL) är, dess ambitioner, framgångar, och varför det så ofta kallas för en av de största utmanarna till Ethereum.
Sedan Bitcoin introducerades 2009 har ett helt ekosystem av kryptovalutor vuxit fram — värt nära 1,2 biljoner dollar i skrivande stund. Medan Bitcoin skapades som ett alternativt betalningssystem för att lösa problem i det traditionella finanssystemet, har plattformar som Ethereum, och numera Solana, tagit steget längre genom att möjliggöra utvecklingen av hela blockkedjeindustrin med hjälp av programmerbara funktioner.
Vad är Solana (SOL)?
Solana har snabbt seglat upp som en av de mest populära protokollen inom DeFi (decentraliserad finans). Plattformen ger utvecklare möjlighet att bygga decentraliserade applikationer (dApps) och smarta kontrakt — ungefär som Ethereum. Det som gör Solana extra intressant är dock den imponerande transaktionshastigheten och de låga avgifterna.
Bakom projektet står två huvudaktörer: Solana Foundation, en ideell organisation baserad i Schweiz som arbetar med att främja plattformen och skapa internationella samarbeten, och Solana Labs, med säte i San Francisco, som driver den tekniska utvecklingen framåt.
Solana strävar även efter att göra kryptovärlden lite grönare. Plattformen använder nämligen både en Proof-of-Stake-mekanism för att säkra nätverket och en banbrytande innovation kallad Proof-of-History (PoH), framtagen av en av grundarna själv.
PoH fungerar som ett slags tidsstämpel inuti nätverket och gör det möjligt att behandla upp till 65 000 transaktioner per sekund. Som jämförelse hanterar Ethereum ungefär 30 transaktioner i sekunden. Kort sagt hjälper PoH till att hålla koll på tidsflödet i datan — en riktig gamechanger.
Tack vare sin snabbhet har Solana byggt upp ett troget community. Plattformen används av företag inom allt från finans till resor, och intresset för SOL-token, plattformens egna kryptovaluta, är stort.
Nyckelfunktioner hos Solana
Solana har flera starka kort på handen som gör att den sticker ut:
Skalbarhet
Solana kan hantera tusentals transaktioner per sekund tack vare avancerad teknik som parallell bearbetning och så kallade TPUs.
Smarta kontrakt
Plattformen stödjer smarta kontrakt och ger utvecklare friheten att skapa decentraliserade appar.
Konsensus via Proof of Stake (PoS)
Solanas unika PoS-system kombineras med Proof-of-History för snabba transaktioner, effektiv validering och snabba blockbekräftelser.
Decentraliserad finans (DeFi)
Med snabba och prisvärda transaktioner har Solana blivit en favorit inom DeFi-världen — perfekt för utlåning, handel, och mycket mer.
Vem skapade Solana?
Bakom Solana står mjukvaruingenjören Anatoly Yakovenko. Han började utveckla projektet redan 2017 tillsammans med sina tidigare kollegor Greg Fitzgerald och Eric Williams. Med hjälp av sitt team byggde de tillsammans det programmerbara nätverk vi ser idag.
Yakovenko är även hjärnan bakom PoH-protokollet som har gett Solana dess unika skalbarhet och effektivitet. Hans tekniska kunnande har satt ett tydligt avtryck i blockkedjevärlden.
Hur skiljer sig Solana från Ethereum?
En av Solanas huvudambitioner är att förbättra flera av Ethereums tekniska funktioner. Plattformen gör transaktioner betydligt snabbare, samtidigt som den ökar kapaciteten och sänker kostnaderna — något som gjort Solana till ett populärt val för dem som söker effektivitet.
Skalbarhet
Solana har kapacitet att hantera cirka 65 000 transaktioner per sekund idag, och målsättningen är att klara upp till 700 000 när nätverket växer. Jämförelsevis klarar Ethereum omkring 30 TPS.
Det är dessutom en av få plattformar på denna nivå som kan erbjuda sådan kapacitet utan att förlita sig på så kallade "off-chain"-lösningar eller extra lager.
Kostnad
Transaktionskostnaderna på Solana är dessutom betydligt lägre. En genomsnittlig transaktion ligger runt 0,000125 dollar, jämfört med Ethereums cirka 0,0005 dollar vid skrivande stund.
Vad är SOL?
SOL är Solanas egna kryptovaluta som driver nätverket och hjälper till att hålla transaktionskostnaderna nere. SOL fungerar som ett så kallat utility token — det används för att betala transaktionsavgifter på nätverket och för att säkra nätverket via staking.
Eftersom SOL är en proof-of-stake-token innebär det att nätverkets deltagare är med och säkrar systemet genom att låsa sina SOL-tokens. Värdet på SOL påverkas av flera faktorer: projektuppdateringar, marknadsaktivitet, sentiment, och även tokenekonomiska faktorer som inflationstakt, burn rate och hur snabbt ekosystemet växer.
Hur köper man SOL?
Om du är nyfiken på Solana och vill lägga till SOL i din portfölj, så är du i rätt sällskap. Med Tap-appen kan du enkelt köpa, sälja, byta och lagra SOL — både med kryptovaluta och traditionella valutor. På så sätt kan du bli en del av Solanas växande blockkedjeuniversum. Vill du veta mer om hur man handlar Solana? Läs vidare på Tap-webbplatsen.
TradFi, eller traditionell finans, är ett uttryck som har blivit vanligt i kryptovärlden. Det syftar på centraliserade finansiella institutioner som banker och investeringbolag och används för att skilja dem från decentraliserade lösningar som kryptovalutor.
Vad innebär TradFi?
TradFi omfattar traditionella banker, finansinstitut och fintech-företag som verkar inom dagens finansiella system. Dessa aktörer är starkt centraliserade, reglerade av myndigheter och erbjuder tjänster som många är bekanta med – från sparkonton till investeringar. Det är en sektor med höga inträdeskrav och strikta processer för identitetskontroll (KYC) och penningtvätt (AML).
Exempel på TradFi är banker som JPMorgan Chase och Goldman Sachs samt moderna fintech-lösningar som PayPal och SoFi. Alla dessa aktörer hanterar transaktioner genom centraliserade system som är noggrant övervakade och reglerade.
Fördelar med det traditionella finansiella systemet
TradFi erbjuder trygghet genom att tjänsteleverantörer måste följa strikta regler och ha rätt licenser. Om något går fel finns oftast mekanismer för att lösa problem och skydda kunderna. Dessutom gör systemets regler och krav det svårt för oseriösa aktörer att komma undan med bedrägerier.
Myndigheter och TradFi-institutioner arbetar också tillsammans för att övervaka och motverka illegala aktiviteter i finansvärlden, något som är svårare i anonyma system som DeFi.
Begränsningar med TradFi
Samtidigt har TradFi sina nackdelar. De omfattande regleringarna kan bromsa innovation, och många människor har svårt att få tillgång till finansiella tjänster på grund av höga trösklar som kreditkontroller och pappersarbete.
Framöver kan vi hoppas att traditionell finans, blockchain och kryptovalutor hittar sätt att samarbeta för att skapa mer tillgängliga och effektiva lösningar för alla.
TradFi jämfört med DeFi
DeFi, eller decentraliserad finans, fungerar utan mellanhänder som banker eller myndigheter. Istället används blockchain-teknik och smarta kontrakt för att genomföra transaktioner direkt mellan användare.
En tydlig skillnad är att medan TradFi är beroende av banker för att hantera pengar, så använder DeFi blockchain-protokoll för samma ändamål. Dessutom är DeFi ofta mer öppet för fler människor eftersom det inte kräver lika många finansiella kontroller, även om säkerhet eller insats ofta behövs.
TradFi jämfört med CeFi
CeFi, eller centraliserad finans, är något av en hybrid mellan TradFi och DeFi. Det erbjuder kryptobaserade finanstjänster med en mer strukturerad och centraliserad modell. Plattformar inom CeFi kan erbjuda lösningar som liknar traditionella sparkonton, men med en modern twist.
En skillnad är att insättningar i TradFi ofta är skyddade av statliga garantier, medan det inte alltid gäller för CeFi-plattformar, vilket innebär att risken kan vara högre.
TradFi och kryptovärlden
För att hänga med i den tekniska utvecklingen behöver traditionella finansiella aktörer anpassa sig. Blockkedjor och digitala tillgångar är framtidens teknik och kan förändra sättet vi hanterar pengar på.
Det finns stora möjligheter för samarbete mellan TradFi och kryptolösningar, särskilt inom områden som utlåning och betalningar. När dessa två världar möts kan vi få ett mer innovativt och flexibelt finansiellt system.
Stocks are essentially shares in a company that the company sells to shareholders in order to raise money. Shareholders are then entitled to dividends if the company succeeds, and might also receive voting rights when the company makes big decisions (depending on the company).
What are stocks?
Stocks play an important role in the global economy, assisting both companies (in raising capital) and individuals (in potentially earning returns). Traders can buy and sell stocks through stock trades facilitated by various stock exchanges. The stock price is determined by supply and demand, largely influenced by the company's success and media representation.
These "units of ownership" are sold through exchanges, like Nasdaq or the London Stock Exchange, under the guidance of regulatory bodies, such as the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) in the United States. These regulatory bodies set specific regulations on how companies can distribute and manage their stocks.
What are the different types of stocks?
There are two types of stocks, common stocks and preferred stocks, as outlined below.
Common Stock
Shareholders of common stock typically have voting rights, where each shareholder has one vote per share. This might grant them access to attending annual general meetings and being able to vote on corporate issues like electing people to the board, stock splits, or general company strategy.
Preferred Stock
For investors more interested in stability and receiving regular payments rather than voting on corporate issues, preferred stocks are often the security of choice. Preferred stock are shares that provide dividends but without the voting rights. Like bonds, there are a number of features that make them attractive investments. For example, many companies include clauses allowing them to repurchase shares at an agreed-upon price.
Stock vs bond
Although both stocks and bonds signify an investment, they vary in how they operate. With bonds, you're essentially lending money to the government or a company and collecting interest as a return while with stocks you're buying part-ownership of a company. Another key difference is that bondholders usually have more protection than stockholders do.
In contrast to stocks, bonds are not normally traded on an exchange, but rather over the counter (the investor has to deal straight with the issuing company, government, or other entity).
Stocks vs futures and options
Futures and Options contrast stocks in that they are derivatives; their value is reliant on other assets like commodities, shares, currencies, and so on. They are contracts established off the volatility of underlying assets instead of ownership of the asset itself.
Stocks vs cryptocurrencies
While stocks provide a unit of ownership in a company, cryptocurrencies are digital assets that operate on their own network. Cryptocurrencies are decentralised, meaning that no one entity is in charge, while stocks are shares in companies that are heavily centralised and held accountable for their price movements. Both the stock price and the price of cryptocurrencies are determined by supply and demand.
Another key difference is that stocks are regulated while, at present, cryptocurrencies are not.
Where did stock trading originate?
The first recorded instance of stock-like instruments being used was by the Romans as a way to involve their citizens in public works. Businesses contracted by the state would sell an instrument similar to a share to raise money for different ventures. This method was called 'lease holding.'
The 1600s gave rise to the East India Company (EIC), which is considered by many the first joint-stock company in history. The EIC increased its notoriety by trading various commodities in the Indian Ocean region. Today, we see the limited liability company (LLC) as a watered-down version of the joint-stock company.
How does the stock market work?
The 'stock market’ is an umbrella term that refers to the various exchanges where stocks in public companies are bought, sold, and traded.
The stock market is composed of similar yet different investment opportunities that allow investors to buy and sell stocks, these are called "stock exchanges." The best-known exchanges in the United States are the New York Stock Exchange (NYSE), Nasdaq, Better Alternative Trading System (BATS), and the Chicago Board Options Exchange (CBOE).
Together, these organisations form what we call the U.S. stock market. Other financial instruments like commodities, bonds, derivatives, and currencies are also traded on the stock market.
An example: the New York Stock Exchange
The New York Stock Exchange (NYSE) is the largest equity exchange in the world, and it has a long and rich history. Established in 1792, it was originally known as the "Buttonwood Agreement" between 24 stockbrokers who gathered at 68 Wall Street to sign an agreement that called for the trading of securities in an organised manner.
Since then, the NYSE has become a global leader in financial markets, with more than 2,400 companies listed and nearly $26.2 trillion in market capitalization. The exchange has an average daily trade volume of $123 billion.
Investing in common stock or preferred stock on the NYSE can be done through a broker or online stock trading platform. When trading on the NYSE, investors have access to a wide range of products and services, including stocks, bonds, mutual funds and ETFs (exchange-traded funds).
Investors can also take advantage of the numerous benefits that come with trading on the NYSE, such as access to real-time information and the ability to buy and sell quickly. The trading platform is regulated by the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC).
How to navigate stock market volatility
Stock market volatility, characterised by rapid and unpredictable changes in stock prices, is influenced by economic indicators, geopolitical events, and investor sentiment. To manage this volatility, investors can diversify their portfolios, set clear investment goals, and maintain a long-term perspective.
Regular portfolio reviews and seeking guidance from financial advisors can also help when it comes to making informed decisions during volatile periods. Investors who stay informed about market trends and use strategic approaches can navigate market fluctuations more effectively, which better positions them for long-term success in stock investing.
The importance of diversification when investing
Diversification is key when investing, and the stock market is no exception. The "don't put all your eggs in one basket" approach offers benefits like risk reduction and the potential for higher returns. Strategies for diversification include investing across different sectors, industries, and asset classes.
By spreading investments, investors can manage risk effectively, ensuring their portfolio isn't overly exposed to any single asset or market sector. This helps cushion against market downturns and enhances the overall stability of the investment portfolio.
Terminology associated with the stock market
- Broker: A broker is someone who buys and sells assets on behalf of another person, charging a commission for their services.
- Stockholders equity: The value of a company's stock can be better understood by this metric, which is the company's assets remaining after all bills are covered (liabilities).
- Stock splits: Conducting a stock split is one way that companies make their stocks more accessible to investors. Although it won't change the market capitalisation or value of shares, it will increase the number available.
- Short selling: If an investor wants to bet on a stock's price going down, they can take a "short" position. To do this, they must borrow the stock from either a broker or a financial institution.
- Blue-chip stocks: Companies that are large and have a lot of capital typically fall into the blue-chip category. They usually trade on famous stock exchanges, like the NYSE or Nasdaq.
- Pink sheet stocks: 'Penny' or 'pink-sheet' stocks are those that trade below the $5 threshold and are typically OTC (over the counter). These can be high risk.
- Buying on margin: Buying on margin is using borrowed money to buy stocks, bonds, or other investments in the hopes of making big returns and paying off the loan.
- Market order: When placing an order for a trade, the investor needs to pick from several types of orders. A market order is executed at whatever the next price is, which can be risky if there's a big gap between what buyers and sellers are offering.
- Limit order: A limit order is an order to buy or sell a security at a specified price, with a maximum amount decided on before executing the trade.
- Stop order: A stop order, also referred to as a stop-loss order, is an order placed with a broker to buy or sell once the stock reaches a predetermined price.
In conclusion
Shares, or stock, are units of fractional ownership in a company that investors buy to gain capital appreciation and tap into a company's earnings if the company's stock pays dividends. Companies, through listing their stock on an exchange, can raise capital to further develop the business.
Stock is traded on an exchange, and the stock prices are determined by supply and demand.

The Curve protocol and Curve DAO token form another innovative project to come from the DeFi movement and one that provides a particularly unique and well-designed concept. Improving on functionalities that DeFi platforms like Uniswap and Sushiswap have otherwise neglected, Curve focuses on providing a viable alternative solution to traditional financial platforms in the blockchain industry.
The Curve Finance platform, launched in January 2020, later released a decentralised autonomous organisation (DAO) alongside the Curve DAO token eight months later. CRV functions as the in-house token of the platform.
What Is Curve DAO (CRV)?
The Curve platform, formally known as Curve Finance, provides traders with a decentralised exchange on which to swap digital assets. Curve aims to provide minimum price slippage between two tradable crypto assets by focusing on stablecoins or assets of similar value. Through an automated market maker (AMM) and focused smart contracts, the decentralised exchange is able to manage liquidity.
While the platform can be compared to Uniswap, in reality, it has some key differences and a much higher amount of locked liquidity. The platform and its liquidity providers are more focused on stablecoins and other coins of that nature. CRV tokens fuel the network and are a tradable asset for crypto users.
The Curve DAO provides more decentralised governance to Curve's trading platform. The Curve protocol has grown into a well-respected financial asset within the DeFi ecosystem with its strong DeFi protocol.
Who created the Curve protocol?
The Curve platform was created by a Russian scientist with ample experience in the crypto industry. Michael Egorov both founded the platform and acts as its CEO. He previously co-founded a crypto business focused on building privacy-oriented protocols and infrastructure, NuCypher, in 2015, as well as LoanCoin, a decentralised bank and loans network.
As of August 2020, Egorov holds 71% of the governance tokens after locking up a large amount of CRV tokens in response to yearn.finance’s increasing voting power in the Curve network. In a statement made later, Egorov admitted to “overreacting”.
How does Curve work?
Launched prior to Uniswap V2, Curve Finance operates similarly to the DeFi platform but has implemented some key differences. The decentralised exchange differentiates itself from the original AMM platform by innovating the liquidity pool trading structure and relevant smart contracts.
The Curve DAO trading platform is managed by a mathematical function called a bonding curve, which is designed to let cryptocurrencies trade for the best possible price amongst each other. Bonding curves are also used by other DeFi trading platforms, like Uniswap.
Due to the Curve DAO platform being primarily focused on stablecoins, its bonding curve is specifically focused on these pegged digital currencies and is able to trade a larger amount of stablecoins with less change in their relative prices in a liquidity pool.
Lending pools
In order for the Curve DAO platform to operate, it requires a group of users who are willing to lock up their cryptocurrencies in order for them to be traded by others. The platform provides a return on their coins plus a portion of the fees from trades when incentivizing liquidity providers.
The platform manages the coins in the liquidity pools by making them more expensive or cheaper, based on their fluctuating amounts, thereby making them more attractive to buyers and sellers using the platform.
On Uniswap, liquidity pools are based strictly on predetermined trading pairs while on Curve DAO the liquidity pools comprise multiple assets. On Curve DAO, entire liquidity pools can also be used as an asset inside another liquidity pool.
How does a trader use the liquidity pools?
Once a trader adds liquidity to a specific pool, through stablecoins or other digital assets, the user will receive a token specific to that pool. 3pool is an example of one of the most popular liquidity pools on the Curve platform.
While the platform is known to provide trading for stablecoins, it also supports mirrored assets such as renBTC and wBTC. These assets are both built on the Ethereum blockchain and track the price of Bitcoin in a typical derivatives fashion. Since the prices are close in value they can function in the same pool and be traded using the Curve DEX.
What is the Curve DAO token (CRV)?
The CRV token is the utility token and governance token of the Curve DAO platform, providing users with governance rights, an incentive structure for fee payments, as well as providing long-term rewards to liquidity providers. CRV tokens are awarded to users based on their liquidity commitment and length of ownership.
The Curve DAO token was launched alongside the Curve DAO in August 2020. The maximum supply is 3.03 billion CRV tokens, with 62% of that being distributed to liquidity providers. The rest is allocated between employees (3%), and shareholders (30%), and a small percentage is kept for community reserves (5%). Employee and shareholder allocations work off of a two-year vesting schedule.
At the time of writing, over 531 million CRV tokens are in circulation, roughly 16% of the total supply. The market cap at the time was around $365 million, positioning the Curve DAO token network in the top 20 biggest platforms in the DeFi ecosystem.
How can I buy Curve DAO tokens?
If you’d like to buy Curve DAO tokens to include in your crypto portfolio, you can do so easily through the Tap mobile app. Providing a highly secure and equally simple crypto trading platform, users can buy CRV with British Pounds or Euros, or exchange tokens for other cryptocurrencies supported on the platform such as Bitcoin or Ethereum.
Simply download the app, create an account and follow the steps to get verified through the KYC process. You will then have access to several wallets, and a much simpler crypto trading experience.
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What’s a Rich Text element?The rich text element allows you to create and format headings, paragraphs, blockquotes, images, and video all in one place instead of having to add and format them individually. Just double-click and easily create content.
The rich text element allows you to create and format headings, paragraphs, blockquotes, images, and video all in one place instead of having to add and format them individually. Just double-click and easily create content.Static and dynamic content editing
Static and dynamic content editingA rich text element can be used with static or dynamic content. For static content, just drop it into any page and begin editing. For dynamic content, add a rich text field to any collection and then connect a rich text element to that field in the settings panel. Voila!
A rich text element can be used with static or dynamic content. For static content, just drop it into any page and begin editing. For dynamic content, add a rich text field to any collection and then connect a rich text element to that field in the settings panel. Voila!How to customize formatting for each rich text
How to customize formatting for each rich textHeadings, paragraphs, blockquotes, figures, images, and figure captions can all be styled after a class is added to the rich text element using the "When inside of" nested selector system.
Headings, paragraphs, blockquotes, figures, images, and figure captions can all be styled after a class is added to the rich text element using the "When inside of" nested selector system.What’s a Rich Text element?
What’s a Rich Text element?The rich text element allows you to create and format headings, paragraphs, blockquotes, images, and video all in one place instead of having to add and format them individually. Just double-click and easily create content.
The rich text element allows you to create and format headings, paragraphs, blockquotes, images, and video all in one place instead of having to add and format them individually. Just double-click and easily create content.Static and dynamic content editing
Static and dynamic content editingA rich text element can be used with static or dynamic content. For static content, just drop it into any page and begin editing. For dynamic content, add a rich text field to any collection and then connect a rich text element to that field in the settings panel. Voila!
A rich text element can be used with static or dynamic content. For static content, just drop it into any page and begin editing. For dynamic content, add a rich text field to any collection and then connect a rich text element to that field in the settings panel. Voila!How to customize formatting for each rich text
How to customize formatting for each rich textHeadings, paragraphs, blockquotes, figures, images, and figure captions can all be styled after a class is added to the rich text element using the "When inside of" nested selector system.
Headings, paragraphs, blockquotes, figures, images, and figure captions can all be styled after a class is added to the rich text element using the "When inside of" nested selector system.What’s a Rich Text element?
What’s a Rich Text element?The rich text element allows you to create and format headings, paragraphs, blockquotes, images, and video all in one place instead of having to add and format them individually. Just double-click and easily create content.
The rich text element allows you to create and format headings, paragraphs, blockquotes, images, and video all in one place instead of having to add and format them individually. Just double-click and easily create content.Static and dynamic content editing
Static and dynamic content editingA rich text element can be used with static or dynamic content. For static content, just drop it into any page and begin editing. For dynamic content, add a rich text field to any collection and then connect a rich text element to that field in the settings panel. Voila!
A rich text element can be used with static or dynamic content. For static content, just drop it into any page and begin editing. For dynamic content, add a rich text field to any collection and then connect a rich text element to that field in the settings panel. Voila!How to customize formatting for each rich text
How to customize formatting for each rich textHeadings, paragraphs, blockquotes, figures, images, and figure captions can all be styled after a class is added to the rich text element using the "When inside of" nested selector system.
Headings, paragraphs, blockquotes, figures, images, and figure captions can all be styled after a class is added to the rich text element using the "When inside of" nested selector system.
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Read moreWhat’s a Rich Text element?
What’s a Rich Text element?The rich text element allows you to create and format headings, paragraphs, blockquotes, images, and video all in one place instead of having to add and format them individually. Just double-click and easily create content.
The rich text element allows you to create and format headings, paragraphs, blockquotes, images, and video all in one place instead of having to add and format them individually. Just double-click and easily create content.Static and dynamic content editing
Static and dynamic content editingA rich text element can be used with static or dynamic content. For static content, just drop it into any page and begin editing. For dynamic content, add a rich text field to any collection and then connect a rich text element to that field in the settings panel. Voila!
A rich text element can be used with static or dynamic content. For static content, just drop it into any page and begin editing. For dynamic content, add a rich text field to any collection and then connect a rich text element to that field in the settings panel. Voila!How to customize formatting for each rich text
How to customize formatting for each rich textHeadings, paragraphs, blockquotes, figures, images, and figure captions can all be styled after a class is added to the rich text element using the "When inside of" nested selector system.
Headings, paragraphs, blockquotes, figures, images, and figure captions can all be styled after a class is added to the rich text element using the "When inside of" nested selector system.Redo att ta första steget?
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